Wiesen-Pippau

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Wiesen-Pippau
Wiesen-Pippau (Crepis biennis)

Wiesen-Pippau ( Crepis biennis )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Pippau ( Crepis )
Type : Wiesen-Pippau
Scientific name
Crepis biennis
L.

The meadow Pippau ( Crepis biennis ), also known as the two-year-old Pippau , is a species of plant within the Asteraceae family. It is widespread in Europe . For St. Gallen near Werdenberg , the name bird thistle is also used as a common name .

description

Illustration with details

The Wiesen-Pippau is a fresh green, biennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 120 centimeters. The upright stem is only branched in the upper area. The seated stem leaves with a narrowed, truncated or slightly arrow-shaped base are not rolled over at the edge and the saw teeth are directed downwards.

The flower heads have a diameter of 25 to 35 mm. The bracts of the flower head are 10 to 13 mm long, blackish-green, tomentose, flaky, sometimes black-glandular, the outer bracts are hairy and the inner ones are silky-haired on the inside. There are only ray- florets; they are golden yellow without red coloring with a yellow style.

The achenes are 10 to 13 ribs, narrowed, but without a beak. The pappus is pure white.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40, but also 42, 36, 38 or 31.

ecology

The Wiesen-Pippau is a milky sap-bearing semi-rosette plant that has deep roots. The pollination is effected by bees ; also self-pollination is possible. However, the reproduction takes place largely through apomixis , i. H. the fruits develop without fertilization. They can be used as canary bird food.

The species does not tolerate grazing and disappears as soon as hay meadows are converted into pastures. However, it is not at all welcomed in the meadows because it provides hard hay and is mostly spurned by cattle.

Wiesen-Pippau ( Crepis biennis )
Fruit cluster

Occurrence

Crepis biennis is widespread in Europe . Crepis biennis is an archaeophyte in Central Europe . In North America he is a neophyte. The Wiesen-Pippau grows widespread in fat meadows , hay meadows, on paths. It thrives best on nutrient-rich, base-poor soils in sunnier locations. According to Ellenberg , it is a half-light plant, a moderate heat pointer, a freshness pointer, indicating moderately nitrogen-rich locations. He is an association character type of the smooth oat meadows ( Arrhenatherion ).

In the Allgäu Alps , it rises to an altitude of 1,600 meters at the Ifenhütte in the Kleiner Walsertal .

Taxonomy

Crepis biennis was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , p. 807. Synonyms for Crepis biennis L. are: Crepis lodomeriensis Besser , Crepis tristis Klokov .

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Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 118. ( online ).
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 995 .
  3. ^ Crepis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 684.
  5. ^ Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore). Crepis biennis In: Werner Greuter & Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .

Web links

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