Wild division

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Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov , and the officers of the Wild Division in 1914
Soldiers of the Wild Division, 1917
The commander of the Wild Division, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Romanow in typical uniform with his wife Natalia
An armored car of the Wilden Division pictured in 1916 in the Russian weekly magazine Niva

The Wilde Division ( Russian Дикая дивизия , transcribed Dikaja diwisija ) was a division of the Imperial Russian Army during the First World War , in which Muslim soldiers from the Caucasus fought.

history

The cavalry division was led by Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Romanov , brother of Tsar Nicholas II , when it began its deployment in World War I.

Its official Russian name Кавказская туземная конная дивизия , roughly translated as Caucasian Native Cavalry Division , was never used in German-speaking countries and it is also primarily referred to as the Wild Division in Russian literature . See the literature list below.

The division was set up shortly after the beginning of the First World War in 1914. It consisted of 6 regiments and was recruited exclusively from volunteers. Mainly men from Dagestan , Chechnya , Ingushetia as well as Circassians , Kabardines and Azerbaijanis entered . The division was deployed on the south-western front in Galicia against German and Austro-Hungarian troops , where their savage and effective attacks were feared.

During the Kornilov affair refused to Savage Division in the autumn of 1917 the command of the commander of the 3rd Cavalry Corps (to which the division was one) General Alexander Mikhailovich Krymov to Petrograd to march to there by the overthrow of the Kerensky government the Cossacks General Lavr Kornilov at the power to bring. Dmitri Petrovich Bagration was the division commander at the time.

Precipitation in art

In Sergei Eisenstein's October film about the October Revolution , the Kornilov putsch is depicted in the third act. The shooting for the representation of the Wild Division took place on 28-30. August 1927. Eisenstein noted on the acquisition of the extras : "We found a way out: Since there are too few locals in the 'Kornilov Division', we mobilized all shoe shiners of Caucasian origin."

Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Breschko-Breschkowski (1874-1943, son of the revolutionary Yekaterina Konstantinovna Breschko-Breschkowskaja ), journalist and military writer published his two-volume novel Wilde Division in Riga in 1920 , in which he told the history of the division in 37 chapters and thus a circulation of 100,000 Copies reached. A new edition was published in Moscow in 1991 by Pravda.

Wiktor Wiketjewitsch Masurowski (1859–1923) painted an oil painting with the title Wild Division which depicts a mounted attack by the division on Austrian infantry.

Later uses of the term

The term: Wilde Division was later used repeatedly in a figurative sense.

So designated z. B. Leon Trotsky the originally few supporters of Stalin in the Politburo and Central Committee , such as Mikoyan , Ordzhonikidze , Kaganowitsch and Voroshilov as Wilde Division .

In Lithuania at the time of Soviet rule , on May 14, 1970, the student Roman Talanta in a park - opposite the Kaunas Music Theater  - showered himself with several liters of gasoline and set himself on fire, "for political reasons," the Lithuanian informants said. Anti-Soviet protests broke out on the occasion of his funeral. Two policemen were killed and around 800 young people were arrested, of which were 600 released with cropped hair, while 200 so-called " ringleaders " in one of the prisons in the state capital Wilnjus remained in detention (Vilnius). The protests were suppressed by paratroopers who had been deployed on the second day of the uprising, together with special units of the KGB from Vilnyus, the majority of which came from the Caucasian minority area of Dagestan . According to informants, the Dagestani acted particularly brutally and has since been called "Dikaja diwisija" (Wild Division).

In May 2014 in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine 2014 , according to reports, Chechen fighters on the part of the separatists described their unit as dikaja diwisija , translated as "wild division"

literature

There is only Russian-language specialist literature about the Wild Division:

  • Батчаев Ш. М. Карачаевцы в войнах России: вторая половина XIX - начало XX века. М., 2005.
  • Брешко-Брешковский Н. Дикая дивизия. М., 1991.
  • Габелиа Е. К. Абхазские всадники. Сухум, 1900.
  • Дзагурова Г. Т. Осетины в войнах России. Владикавказ, 1997.
  • Дикая дивизия. Сборник материалов. М., Мамонт; Таус, 2006.
  • Ибрагимбейли М. Х. Станицы истории боевого содружества русского и кавказских народов. Баку, 1970.
  • Карпеев В. В. Дикая дивизия "Эхо Кавказа" № 3, 1994.
  • Марков А. Л. «В ингушском конном полку»
  • Мальсагов Ах. У. УЧАСТИЕ ИНГУШСКОГО КОННОГО ПОЛКА В ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЕ 1914-1917 гг. .
  • Мальсагов М. Т. Ингуши в войнах России XIX — XX веков. Нальчик, 2001.
  • Музаев Т.М. Герои Чеченского полка Кавказской Туземной конной дивизии, 1914–1918. Грозный, 2015.
  • Опрышко О. Л. На изломе времен. Нальчик, 1996.
  • Опрышко О. Л. Кавказская конная дивизия. 1914-1917: Возвращение из забвенья. Нальчик, 1999 Выдержки из книги ; 2-e изд. 2007.
  • Санакоев М. П. Страницы боевой дружбы. Цхинвали, 1975.
  • Шкуро А. Г. Гражданская война в России: Записки белого партизана ISBN 5-17-025710-4 ISBN 5-9578-1185-8 Примечания. (2001)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wassili Golowanow : Oil, oil, oil. The natural wonder of Apsheron and the black gold of Azerbaijan . In: Lettre International , Edition 104, Spring 2014, p. 68 Note 1
  2. ↑ glintofgold.org
  3. ↑ militera.lib.ru
  4. ↑ Waiting for the last stand. Marx, Lenin, Mao - Aspects of Communism . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 1961 ( online - 12th episode).
  5. ↑ Leon Trotsky : The bourgeoisie measures its strength against democracy . History of the Russian Revolution, Chapter 10.
  6. ↑ arte.tv ( Memento of the original from May 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arte.tv
  7. ↑ militera.lib.ru
  8. ↑ akg-prints.com  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on June 27, 2014@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.akg-prints.com  
  9. ^ Jörg Baberowski: Scorched Earth: Stalin's Rule of Violence . CH Beck, 2012, pp. 124-125
  10. ↑ Wild Division. Another person died in Lithuania from self-immolation. Details have become known about the first case, the death of the worker Roman Talanta . In: Der Spiegel . No. 28 , 1972 ( online ).
  11. ↑ Mounia Meiborg: Chechen warrior in eastern Ukraine - Kadyrov contrary . Zeit Online , May 28, 2014
  12. ^ André Eichhofer: "Wild Division" against the "Vostok Battalion". Power struggle among the separatists in Ukraine . In: Die Welt , June 10, 2014