Wilfried I.

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Wilfried the Hairy (statue in Madrid , LS Carmona , 1750-53) .
Wilfried's grave in Ripoll

Wilfried I of Barcelona , called Wilfried the Hairy , ( Catalan Guifré el Pilós [ giˈfɾe əl piˈlos ], Spanish Wifredo el Velloso ; † August 11, 897 ) was a Catalan nobleman and is considered the founder of Catalonia . His epithet is a conscious alternative to his former Franconian liege lord (until 865) Karl "the bald" .

Life

Wilfried came from the Carcassonne region . His birthplace is in the area of Prades in the county of conflent suspected.

As Count of Urgell and Cerdanya (since 870), the Carolingians transferred to him in 878 the counties of Barcelona , Girona and Besalú in the Spanish Mark . He united these counties as well as the diocese of Osona and Montserrat to form a largely autonomous empire from the Frankish Empire, which he administered from Barcelona .

Wilfried was the last Count of Barcelona appointed by the Franks. He received from Charles the Bald the right to bequeath titles and lands. From this point on, the titles of nobility were inherited and the Frankish king merely agreed to the transfer. This is how the dynasty of the Counts of Barcelona was founded , which is regarded as the basis of Catalonia's independence .

The national colors of Catalonia were also created at this time . The Legend of Charles the Bald visited the wounded after a fight Wilfried bedside. There he dipped his fingers in the wounded man's blood and drew four red stripes over his shield, which was still without a coat of arms. They became the quatre barres that run through the yellow cloth of the Catalan flag ( Senyera ).

In 880 (?) Wilfried built the monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll (known as the "cradle of Catalonia") and in 885 the women's monastery in nearby Sant Joan de les Abadesses , where his crown is kept. In both monasteries he installed his children as abbots and abbesses.

Famous as the spiritual leader of Catalonia is his grandson Oliva , also abbot of Ripoll.

progeny

Wilfried and his wife Guinidilda (Winilda) - the two had married in 877 - had at least nine children:

  1. Rodulfo († 940), Bishop of Urgell and Abbot of Ripoll
  2. Wilfried II. Borrell († 911), Count of Barcelona, ​​Girona and Osona, married Gersende, probably Gersende of Toulouse, daughter of Odo Count of Toulouse ( House of Toulouse )
  3. Sunyer I. († 950), Count of Barcelona, ​​Girona and Osona, married Richilde von Toulouse, daughter of Armengol , Count of Rouergue (House of Toulouse)
  4. Miró , Count of Besalú and Cerdanya
  5. Sunifred II († 948), Count of Urgell, married Adelais of Toulouse, daughter of Armengol , Count of Rouergue (House of Toulouse)
  6. Emma († 942), abbess of San Joan de les Abadesses near Ripoll
  7. Riquilla
  8. Ermesinde († after 925)
  9. Cixilona († 945), nun
  10. ? Guinidilda, wife of Raymond II Count of Toulouse († 923) (House of Toulouse)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Counts of Barcelona on spanien-bilder.com
  2. ↑ a b Count Guifré el Pilós - The origins of Catalonia on lobo-wj.eu
  3. ↑ a b Dorothee Fleischmann, Carolina Kalvelage: 111 places on the Costa Brava that you have to see . Emons Verlag, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-95451-561-5 (81 - Cradle of Catalonia).
predecessor Office successor
Bernhard II. Count of Barcelona
878-897 		Wilfried II.
personal data
SURNAME Wilfried I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wilfried the Hairy; Guifré el Pilós (Catalan); Wifredo el Velloso (Spanish)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Catalan nobleman, founder of Catalonia
DATE OF BIRTH 9th century
DATE OF DEATH August 11, 897