Carl von Haynau

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Wilhelm Carl von Haynau (born December 24, 1779 in Hanau ; † January 21, 1856 in Kassel ) was a lieutenant general from the Electorate of Hesse .

Life

Coat of arms of the barons of Haynau

Carl von Haynau was a natural (illegitimate) son of Elector Wilhelm I and his second mistress , Rosa Dorothea Ritter . He entered the military early and in 1847 after many years of service in the Hessian army was retired as a lieutenant general for reasons of age. During the imposition of martial law in Kurhessen, he was reactivated as an officer in the autumn of 1850 and appointed commander-in-chief of the Electoral Hesse army, but after a short period of service he was removed from military service. He died on January 21, 1856 in Kassel.

Commander-in-Chief of the Hessian Army in 1850

When, during the attempt by Elector Friedrich Wilhelm to suspend the constitution in 1850, no other senior officer was found who was willing to militarily enforce the martial law imposed on the country by the Hassenpflug Ministry , Carl von Haynau was reactivated on September 30, 1850 and made Commander-in-Chief appointed by the Hessian Army. A proclamation to the soldiers and an address to the officers on October 4, 1850 were his first official acts.

The attempt to enforce the exceptional laws through arrests, measures against the press and the dissolution of the vigilante group resulted in the state committee , which exercised the rights of the Hessian parliament, the "estates", during the period when the session was not in session, and brought a lawsuit for violation of the constitution and filed high treason against Carl von Haynau, who also granted the general auditorate ( attorney general ). In vain, Carl von Haynau suspended the Higher Appeal Court, which was responsible for hearing the indictment, and issued a new request to the officers to obey. But these had taken an oath not only on the elector, but also on the constitution - a unique constellation in Germany in the 19th century. In order not to break the oath , the overwhelming majority submitted requests for dismissal on October 9, 1850. This "general strike" by the officers' corps made the Hessian military incapable of acting.

In order to save the counterrevolution, the elector appealed to the Federal Assembly for help, which in particular sent Bavarian occupation troops to Kurhessen, the so-called " penal Bavaria ". As a result of these events, Carl von Haynau was completely disavowed, removed from service and returned to private life.

Freemasonry

Carl von Haynau was a member of the Masonic lodges for perfect harmony and friendship in Kassel, Marc Aurel for the flaming star in Marburg and Wilhelmine Caroline in Hanau and until the prohibition of Freemasonry in Kurhessen in 1824 he was a substitute Grand Master of the Great Mother Lodge of Kurhessen.

family

Marriages and offspring

Carl von Haynau was married four times:

⚭ (I.) December 24, 1803 in Ansbach with Karoline von Schack (1785–1807), daughter of the Prussian major general Friedrich Ludwig von Schack

  • Eduard (1804–1863), also Kurhessischer General and Minister of War
⚭ (I.) 1831 Natalie von Baumbach (1809–1840)
⚭ (II.) 1841 Thekla von Baumbach (1812–1882)

⚭ (II.) December 24, 1808 in Hanau with Luise Buderus von Carlshausen (1787–1813), daughter of Carl Friedrich Buderus von Carlshausen

  • Emilie (1809–1836) ⚭ Friedrich von Bardeleben
  • Gustav (1811–1837) Elector of Hesse ⚭ Hedwig Freiin von Hanstein-Unterstein (1814–1877)

⚭ (III.) June 3, 1818 with Sophie Frederike Karoline von Lengerke (1798–1820), daughter of Georg Emanuel von Lengerke

  • Luise (1822-1826)

⚭ (IV.) January 30, 1822 in Kassel with Elisabeth Marie Susanne Christiane von Trott zu Solz (1793–1844), daughter of Wilhelm Walrab Friedrich von Trott zu Solz

  • Charlotte (1823–1904) ⚭ February 2, 1860 Jérome Napoleon von Schlotheim (1809–1882), lord of Kornaty
  • Kathinka (1824–1866) ⚭ 1848 Christian von Cornberg (1816–1882), Lieutenant Colonel of the Electorate of Hesse in the Garde du Corps regiment

relative

The Austrian general Julius von Haynau (1786-1853) was his brother.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Haynau, Carl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haynau, Wilhelm Karl von; Haynau, Wilhelm Karl Freiherr von; Haynau, Karl Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Elector General of Hesse
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1779
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanau
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1856
Place of death kassel