William Coley

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William Coley (center) with colleagues in 1892

William Bradley Coley (born January 12, 1862 in Westport , Connecticut , † April 16, 1936 in New York City ) was an American bone surgeon and oncologist . He is considered the "father of cancer immunotherapy ".

Life

Coley studied at Yale College from 1880 to 1884 and received a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then studied Latin and Ancient Greek for two years at the Bishop Scott Government School in Portland (Oregon) . In 1886 he went to Harvard Medical College . Just two years later, he graduated as MD and in 1889 became an assistant at the hernia clinic. In 1891 he began to deal intensively with cancer . In 1892 he moved to the New York Cancer Hospital , now the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center . In January 1925 he became chief surgeon at the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled (now: Hospital for Special Surgery ). In 1933 he retired due to illness. Three years later, he died of diverticulitis one day after surgery .

Coley had been married to Alice, née Lancaster, since 1891. With her Coley had a son (Bradley Lancaster Coley) and a daughter (Helen Lancaster Coley, later Helen Coley Nauts). Alice Coley died seven months after her husband.

Coley's Contribution to Cancer Immunotherapy

Coley had heard of a cancer patient who was in complete remission after a high fever due to erysipelas (a bacterial infection of the upper layers of the skin and the lymphatic system). Coley found during research that Robert Koch , Louis Pasteur and Emil von Behring had also described similar cases after an erysipelas. In 1891 he injected a cancer patient - an Italian immigrant in his mid-30s who had already had two operations after relapses and only a few weeks ahead of him according to the prognosis - the erysipelas of the species Streptococcus pyogenes directly into the tumor. Coley repeated the injections over several months and the patient's tumor regressed. The patient survived eight years. Coley later used a mixture ( Coley's Toxin ) of killed bacteria of the species Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens , together with the still active endotoxins , directly in tumors. With his method, Coley achieved the remarkable cure rate of 10% for soft tissue sarcomas . The response rates varied widely and the side effects were considerable. With the development of radiation therapy and advances in chemotherapy , Coley's toxin was largely forgotten.

The William B. Coley Award ( William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology ) has been named Coley since 1993 and is presented annually for merits in the field of cancer immunology.

literature

  • EF McCarthy: The Toxins of William B. Coley and the Treatment of Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas . In: Iowa Orthop. J. , 26, 2006, pp. 154-158, PMID 1888599 .
  • DB Levine: The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: William Bradley Coley, Third Surgeon-in-Chief 1925-1933 . In: HSS J. 4, 2008, pp. 1-9. doi : 10.1007 / s11420-007-9063-2 , PMID 18751855 , PMC 2504278 (free full text).
  • CO Starnes: Coley's Toxins in Perspective . In: Nature , 357, 1992, pp. 11-12, PMID 1574121 .
  • B. Wiemann, CO Starnes: Coley's toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: a historical perspective . In: Pharmacol. Ther. , 64, 1994, pp. 529-564, PMID 7724661 (Review).
  • J. Bickels et al. a .: Coley's toxin: historical perspective . In: Isr. Med. Assoc. J. , 4, 2002, pp. 471-472, PMID 12073431 .
  • LR Zacharski, VP Sukhatme: Coley's toxin revisited: immunotherapy or plasminogen activator therapy of cancer? In: J. Thromb. Haemost. , 3, 2005, pp. 424-427. PMID 15748226
  • CG Burdick: WILLIAM BRADLEY COLEY 1862-1936 . In: Ann. Surg. , 105, 1937, pp. 152-155, PMID 17856903 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cancer Monthly: Dr. William Coley. ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. February 22, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cancermonthly.com
  2. ^ A b D. B. Levine: The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: William Bradley Coley, Third Surgeon-in-Chief 1925-1933. In: HSS J. 4, 2008, pp. 1-9. doi : 10.1007 / s11420-007-9063-2 , PMID 18751855 , PMC 2504278 (free full text).
  3. ^ DB Levine: The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: Knight to Gibney. 1870-1887 . In: HSS J. , 2, 2006, pp. 1-6.
  4. ^ WB Coley: Contribution to the knowledge of sarcoma . In: Ann. Surg. , 14, 1891, pp. 199-220.
  5. ^ WB Coley: The Treatment of Malignant Tumors by Repeated Innoculations of Erysipelas: With a Report of Ten Original Cases . In: American Journal of the Medical Sciences , 10, 1893, pp. 487-511.
  6. ↑ B. Wiemann, CO Starnes: Coley's toxins, tumor necrosis factor and cancer research: a historical perspective . In: Pharmacol. Ther. , 64, 1994, pp. 529-564, PMID 7724661 .
  7. ↑ CV Ichim: Revisiting immunosurveillance and immunostimulation: Implications for cancer immunotherapy . In: J. Transl. Med. , 3, 2005, p. 8, PMID 15698481 .
  8. ^ A. Pollack: A Revival for Immunity . In: New York Times , October 5, 2005
  9. ↑ SA Hoption Cann u. a .: Dr William Coley and tumor regression: a place in history or in the future . In: Postgraduate Medical Journal 79, 2003, pp. 672-680, PMID 14707241 (review).
personal data
SURNAME Coley, William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Coley, William Bradley (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American bone surgeon and oncologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 12, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Westport , Connecticut
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1936
Place of death New York City , New York , United States