Winter savory
| Winter savory | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mountain savory ( Satureja montana ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Satureja montana | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Winter Savory ( Satureja montana ), and mountain savory called, is a flowering plant in the family of the mint (Lamiaceae). The four subspecies are common in southern Europe.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The winter savory is an evergreen subshrub and reaches heights of 10 to 40, rarely up to 70 centimeters. The stems are completely or only in the lower part lignified. In the upper part they are short haired and often tinged with purple. The opposite leaves are almost sitting. The simple, leathery leaf blade is rarely only 5 to, usually 10 to 30 millimeters and a width of usually 2 to 5 (1 to 6) millimeters narrow, lanceolate and entire. The leaf surfaces are bare and the leaf margin is hairy.
Generative characteristics
The individual pseudo whorls are very close to one another. The partial inflorescences are clearly stalked and contain one to seven flowers. The lower bracts are 10 to 20 millimeters long, mostly longer than the partial inflorescences. The upper bracts are usually shorter than their partial inflorescences. The flowers are clearly stalked and have lanceolate prophylls .
The winter savory is gyno : the functionally female flowers have a smaller crown and more or less reduced anthers . The flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx is 2.5 to 6 millimeters long and has ten nerves. The calyx tube is almost bare on the outside, it is long hairy in the throat. The lower calyx teeth are often longer than the upper ones. The corolla is 7 to 10 millimeters long, its color is white, pink or purple. The upper lip is round, flat and only slightly shorter than the three-lobed lower lip.
The partial fruits are roundish egg-shaped with a length of 1 to 1.4 millimeters and they are very finely dotted.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
ecology
From an ecological point of view, it is lip flowers that carry nectar . Pollination is carried out by insects ( entomophilia ): bees , bumblebees , wasps , parasitic wasps and butterflies . The hermaphrodite flowers are proterandric . The flowering period in the Mediterranean region extends from June to September and is one month later in Central Europe.
distribution
The winter savory is native to southern Europe, but is absent on the islands there. It is particularly rich in forms on the Balkan Peninsula . In Central Europe it is seldom found wild, especially in Upper Austria , Salzburg and North Tyrol .
Systematics
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Satureja montana subsp. macedonica (Formánek) Baden : It occurs in northern Greece.
- Satureja montana subsp. montana : It occurs in southern and southeastern Europe.
- Satureja montana subsp. pisidia (Wettst.) Šilic : It occurs on the northwestern Balkan Peninsula and from Turkey to Lebanon.
- Satureja montana subsp. variegata (host) PWBall : It occurs from northeastern Italy to the western Balkan peninsula.
use
The winter savory is occasionally cultivated as a spice plant, but it is virtually insignificant from an economic point of view. In Germany, despite its undemanding culture, it is not grown commercially because its taste is more severe than that of summer savory ( Satureja hortensis ). However, it is used to obtain the essential oil in its pure form, Saturejae Aetheroleum and also as a folk medicinal plant . In addition, the winter savory is used as an ornamental plant in rock gardens and as a beehive plant. This species has been in culture since 1562 at the latest.
The winter savory is grown in a mixed culture with beans to drive away seed beetles . It is grown with roses to drive away powdery mildew and aphids .
The lemon savory ( Satureja montana var. Citriodora ) has a warm, lemony aroma almost without the bitter taste components of the species. a. be used for teas. It is offered by a number of perennial nurseries under this and similar names.
See also
supporting documents
- Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The cosmos Mediterranean flora. Over 500 Mediterranean plants in color photos (= Kosmos nature guide ). 2nd Edition. Franckh, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-440-05300-8 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 811 .
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Satureja - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 11, 2018.
- ↑ Klaus-Ulrich Heyland, Herbert Hanus, Ernst Robert Keller (eds.): Oil fruits, fiber plants, medicinal plants and special cultures (= manual of plant cultivation . Volume 4 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-3203-6 , pp. 357 .
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- ↑ Winter savory
Web links
- Satureja montana L., winter savory. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Satureja montana L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 23, 2016.