Yurtsever Devrimci Gençlik Hareketi

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The Yurtsever Devrimci Gençlik Hareketi ( German Patriotic revolutionary youth movement ; Kurdish Tevgera Ciwanên Welatparêz û Şoreşger ), abbreviation YDG-H , is an organization that was founded in 2013 by young PKK sympathizers. It is known as the youth organization of the PKK or as an urban guerrilla .

Origin and structure

Although the name of the organization appeared earlier in connection with demonstrations and subsequent arrests, the organization was founded in 2013 in Kurdish cities in Turkey . In Cizre , hooded members appeared in T-shirts with a picture of Abdullah Öcalan in military formation and flags, but without weapons. The fourth phase of the strategic struggle, which was initiated by the PKK in 2010, is often seen as the starting signal for the establishment of the YDG-H. In 2012 the "Revolutionary People's War" should begin. This should not only involve guerrillas in the countryside, but also urban guerrillas. However, during the investigation against the KCK in 2007, there was talk of a PKK youth organization, even if the name was not yet YDG-H.

Children and adolescents who grew up under extreme violence in the area under a state of emergency in the 1990s were known in Turkey as "stone throwing children" (tr: taş atan çocuklar ). They resisted requests to break up undeclared demonstrations by throwing stones at the law enforcement officers. Some of them were shot and many others were charged and sentenced to heavy sentences on charges of carrying out actions on behalf of an (illegal) organization without being a member themselves. After the official establishment of the YDG-H, the actions became more militant. During the protests against the building of new fortresses (called “kalekol” based on the word “karakol”) on the borders of Turkey in the summer of 2013, young protesters threw not only stones but also Molotov cocktails . In 2014 trenches were dug on some streets to prevent supplies to the construction sites.

The YDG-H does not receive any direct instructions from the PKK. A hierarchical structure is not known. The young people, who are rarely older than 20 years, are organized in teams ("cells") of 10 or more members. They name themselves after fallen PKK fighters (so-called martyrs ). If a group has more than 30 members, it splits into smaller groups. In their actions they appear masked.

Development since October 2014

The group became known in connection with the battle for Kobanê . In addition to the fact that a number of members on the Kurdish side took part directly in the fighting, the YDG-H played an essential role in the protests in Turkey. According to a report by the Foundation for Human Rights in Turkey (TIHV), 43 people died in the violent clashes over the government's passivity in relation to the Battle of Kobane, both in shootings among political groups and in shooting by the security forces or at the security forces. The rival groups were the YDG-H and members of the Hüda Par .

The clashes between the YDG-H and Hüda Par lasted especially in Cizre. There, in less than two months, 20 former members of the YDG-H, who had died in the fighting for Sinjar , Kobane and Ar-Raqqa against the Islamic State , were buried. The YDG-H viewed the Hüda Par as an extension of the Islamic State. In a month and a half, 7 members of the YDG-H and one member of Hüda Par were killed in the fighting in Cizre. The YDG-H blocked access to the districts of Cudi, Nur, Yafes and Sur by dug trenches. This situation lasted more than 3 months. A call by Abdullah Öcalan to end the situation brought on by HDP MP Hatip Dicle in mid-January 2015 was unsuccessful due to another murder. Only after further mediation were 184 trenches that had been dug by the YDG-H, filled in again by the city administration (the incumbent is a member of the DBP ).

YDG-H as guardian of self-government

After the elections in June 2015 , which did not lead to a clear majority for the ruling AKP , violence escalated in the Kurdish areas. The Turkish military also flew operations against PKK positions outside Turkey. At the end of July 2015, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared the peace process over. In August 2015, so-called people's parliaments, often with the participation of the DBP, which dominates the city administrations, declared that their localities were self-governing . By August 20, 2015, 16 localities, including the provincial capitals Hakkâri and Batman and two districts in Istanbul, had been declared self-governing. At the same time it was declared that state authority no longer applies in these places. YDG-H militants dug trenches and erected barricades to block access to the neighborhoods they dominated. In return, the respective governors imposed curfews . In December 2015, curfews in 17 county towns in six provinces totaled 163 days. The member of the Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP = Democratic Party of the Peoples) for the province of Diyarbakır , İdris Baluken , announced that 78 civilians had lost their lives in the course of these curfews . According to the Göç-Der migration association, more than 200,000 people left the places. Nevertheless, the YDG-H declared that they would continue the "trench" tactic.

aims

The aim of the organization is to create autonomous structures in the Kurdish populated areas. The organization follows the ideology of Abdullah Öcalan. It also sees itself as the public order keeper in the fight against prostitution, drugs and informers.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Compare "Die Zeit" from October 13, 2014 Turks against Kurds against Kurds; Accessed December 17, 2015
  2. ↑ See Eurasia News of April 25, 2015 under Analysis: Opportunities and Risks of Turkey in Rojava ; Accessed December 17, 2015
  3. ↑ See a contribution by Faruk Arslan from June 29, 2015 with the title PKK DEVLETİ NASIL KURULDU ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  4. ↑ See Haber61 of July 22, 2015 YDG-H nedir kimdir? YDG H kuruluş amacı nedir? ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  5. ↑ See " Amerika'in Sesi" from October 9, 2015 YDGH: Dağdan Şehre Yeni PKK mı? ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  6. ↑ Compare a report by Amnesty International Children Have Rights (June 2010) and HRW Protesting as a Terrorist Offense (November 2010); Accessed December 17, 2015
  7. ↑ Compare the special report of the Turkish Democratic Forum (DTF) from June 2014 "Kalekol": Bulwark against "Terror" ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  8. ↑ See e.g. B. a message on T24 from May 27, 2014 Lice'de kalekol protestosuna biber gazlı müdahale ; Accessed December 17, 2015
  9. ↑ Compare an interview by Murat Karayılan with the Fırat news agency (ANF) in an article from September 17, 2015 with the headline Karayılan: Erdoğan 400 milletvekili için bu savaşı yürütüyor ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  10. ↑ See the platform CrimethInc (Fall 2015): Understanding the Kurdish Resistance ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  11. ↑ a b c d See Hürriyet of January 22, 2015 10 soru 10 yanıtta Cizre gerçeği ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  12. ↑ See the report of the TIHV from 11.-13. October 2014 11-13 Ekim 2014-Günlük İnsan Hakları Raporu ; Accessed December 17, 2015
  13. ↑ See the message in Die Zeit from October 13, 2014 Turks against Kurds against Kurds ; Accessed December 17, 2015
  14. ↑ Rudaw of March 3, 2015 Cizre'de Hendek kalmadı ; Accessed December 18, 2015.
  15. ↑ See Der Spiegel from July 28, 2015 Erdogan suspends peace process with Kurds ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  16. ↑ See TURKEY BULLETIN 16/15, August 15 - 30 ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom ; Accessed December 18, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.karl-hermann-flach-stiftung.org
  17. ↑ See the updated special report of the Turkish Democratic Forum (DTF) from January 2015, updated in December 2015 What is the YDG-H? ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  18. ↑ See a report in Bianet from December 10, 2015 with the title 6 Ayda 5 Ay 13 Gün Evlerinden Çıkamadılar ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  19. ↑ See the message in Milliyet of December 11, 2015 Korkutan 'Göç' araştırması ; Accessed December 18, 2015
  20. ↑ Compare a message on IMC TV from December 14, 2015 YDG-H'den 'hendek' açıklaması ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed December 18, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.imctv.com.tr
  21. ↑ Interview by Peter Schaber in Junge Welt on August 21, 2015, printed at Aufbau.org "We will not lay down our arms" ; Accessed December 18, 2015