Ylang-ylang
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Ylang-Ylang ( Cananga odorata ) |
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| Cananga odorata | ||||||||||||
| ( Lam. ) Hook.f. & Thomson |
Ylang-ylang ( Cananga odorata ) is a plant from the family of annonaceous (Annonaceae). The name is used both for the whole plant and for its flowers , from which the ylang-ylang oil is obtained.
The false or climbing ylang-ylang, sometimes also called ylang-ylang wine ( Artabotrys hexapetalus ), has very similarly fragrant flowers ; but this is not a tree, but a climbing plant .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Ylang-Ylang is an evergreen plant , it grows relatively quickly into a tree with a height of up to 25 meters. The bark is smooth when young, but rough and cracked when old, light to dark brown or grayish-silvery.
The alternate, elliptical to ovate, ovate lanceolate, shiny and short-stalked leaves are 9–23 × 4–14 centimeters in size and acuminate to pointed. The entire leaf margins are often wavy. The leaf base is rounded to blunt and often uneven, sometimes slightly heart-shaped. The leaves are often arranged along the branches so that they appear like a single pinnate leaf. The leaf nerve is obliquely parallel-forward pinnate.
Generative characteristics
The one to many-flowered, short-stalked, dold-like inflorescences often appear axillary along the twigs and branches. There are small sloping cover sheets . The hermaphrodite flowers with fine-haired and mostly long stems are drooping. There are three small, fine-haired, (broad) egg-shaped and pointed, bent-back sepals. The six drooping, often rounded or twisted and ovoid to linear-lanceolate, 5–8 centimeters long, inner bracts are in two circles and are yellowish-green to yellow. The flowers give off an intense sweet scent. There are many small stamens with pointed anthers fused to form a triangular and cushion-shaped unit, standing together, in the middle are the upper and fused, slightly longer, individual pistils standing together . The anthers are orange-yellow, with a reddish tip. The stylus are convex, the individual, feathery and green stigmas fused together, merging in the anthesis to a spherical structure. Pollination occurs by night owls and beetles .
Small, olive-like, about 1.5-2.3 centimeters long, smooth, multi-seeded (2 to 12) and blackish, egg-shaped to ellipsoidal, stalked berries are formed. There are up to (6–12) 20 in a single cluster fruit . The seeds are embedded in two rows in a whitish-greenish and oily, tasteless mesocarp . The pitted, hard, up to 6-8 millimeters large seeds are flattened, orange-brownish and round to elliptical.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence
Ylang-Ylang is originally from the Philippines and Indonesia . Today, however, it is also cultivated in Madagascar , Sumatra , Haiti , Java , the Comoros and Zanzibar for the extraction of ylang-ylang oil . Its original range includes Papua New Guinea , Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia.
use
The essential ylang-ylang oil is obtained from the large flowers , which can be harvested daily and must be processed quickly . Cananga oil can also be produced by further distillation (only the higher fractions or the total distillate ). In Asia , flowers and oil are also used in folk medicine . The wood is suitable for building small boats , drums , household appliances and boxes as well as for carving .
literature
- Cananga odorata in the Flora of China, Vol. 19.
- John A. Parrotta: Cananga odorata. US Forest Service, Research & Development, 2009, In: Encyclopedia of Woody Plants. 54, result. 01/10, doi : 10.1002 / 9783527678518.ehg2010004 , online (PDF; 1.4 MB).
Web links
- Cananga odorata from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed February 20, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cananga odorata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Cananga in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
- ↑ E. Gildemeister : The essential oils. 3rd edition, 2nd volume, Schimmel, 1929, pp. 579–593, online at publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de, accessed on September 21, 2019.
