Zhujiajiao
Zhujiajiao ( Chinese 朱家角 鎮 / 朱家角 镇 , Pinyin Zhūjiājiǎo Zhèn ), also known as "Shanghai's Venice", is a large community in the Qingpu district of the Chinese city of Shanghai . Zhujiajiao has an area of 138 km² and about 66,000 inhabitants (end of 2009).
history
The place has existed since the time of the Three Kingdoms (208–280) under the name Zhujiacun (朱家 村), meaning "Village of the Zhu Family", and developed in the Song Dynasty (960–1279) and the Yuan Dynasty ( 1279–1368) to a market town. Since Zhu Yuanzhang , the founder of the subsequent Ming dynasty , also came from the Zhu clan, the name was given a taboo and the place in Zhujiege (珠 街 阁), i.e. "pearl market", or Zhuxi (珠 溪) , so "Perlenbach", renamed - same pronunciation, but different characters and different meaning. Under Emperor Zhu Yijun of the Ming Dynasty (r. 1572–1620), Zhujiege was expanded into a fortified place (镇) - the city wall is mentioned as already completed in the "Description of Qingpu District " (青浦 县志) published in 1597 .
Due to its geographical location between the silk city of Jiangsu and the large cities of Zhejiang , Zhujiege developed into a center of the fabric trade. When rice cultivation was accelerated in the area at the beginning of the 17th century, this led to a further economic boom and a strong increase in the population. At the census in 1814, 1502 families with a total of 5937 people lived in the place - meanwhile in Zhuli (珠 里), also renamed "Pearl Village". During the territorial reform in 1949, the town of Jingting (井亭), which originally belonged to the northeastern Kunshan County, was added to Zhuli and the name Zhujiajiao (朱家角), or "headland of the Zhu family", was given to the new large community based on the historical name.
Administrative structure
Zhujiajiao is made up of nine communities and 28 villages . These are:
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Attractions
The historical center of Zhujiajiao was, as the name suggests, built on a peninsula that is enclosed by the Dianpu He (淀浦河) and the Cao He (漕河). These are rivers flowing from west to east that have been converted into transport canals over the centuries ("Cao He" means "river for the water transport of grain"). Between these and other main canals running parallel to them, secondary canals were later built in a north-south direction, which connected them to one another. A veritable network of waterways was created. From around the 16th century onwards, middle-class middle-class people built two to three-story "row houses" along these canals, on the other side of which there were streets for cart traffic. On the ground floor of these whitewashed and gray-bricked houses there was generally a shop or workshop open to the street, while a veranda, often with stone stairs to the water, was on the canal. A large number of these houses, some of which are several hundred years old, have been preserved to this day. The old urban development in the area around the Qing- era post office is particularly beautiful to study: Row of houses -> Caohe Street -> Row of houses -> Caohe Canal -> Row of houses -> Donghu Street -> Row of houses.
While the canals on the one hand fulfilled an important task as transport routes, on the other hand they cut up the urban area and made traffic difficult. For example, the original peninsula with the old town center of Zhujiajiao is now separated from the "mainland" by a little upstream side canals and is de facto an island. As a result, numerous bridges have been built over the years, some made of wood, a total of 36 made of stone. The most famous of these stone bridges is the Fangsheng Bridge (放生 桥, Pinyin Fàngshēng Qiáo ) over the Dianpu He, which connected Zhujiiajiao with Jingting in Kunshan County via Xinfeng Street. Xinfeng Road was an important route to the north; a regular ferry service existed there since the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). In 1571, the monk Xingchao raised money from the Cimen Monastery on the south bank of Dianpu He to build a bridge. This was designed as a stone, five-arched pedestrian bridge, with a total length of 70.8 m and a width of 5.8 m; the highest point in the middle of the bridge is 7.4 m above the water level. This means that the Fangsheng Bridge has a much flatter curvature than is usual in south-east China; the steps are only 3 to 8 cm high. The bridge piers rest on charred wooden piles driven into the river bed. Towards the end of the 18th century, the bridge began to lean and become dilapidated. So the monk Jueming collected money from the Yuanjin Monastery on the north bank of Dianpu He and had the bridge rebuilt in the old style in 1812. On November 17, 1987, the Fangsheng Bridge was placed under a preservation order.
The Buddhist temple and the Kezhi garden should also be mentioned as sights in Zhujiajiao.
Transport links
Zhujiajiao is the penultimate stop on Line 17 of the Shanghai Metro to Hongqiao Station. From there, Hongqiao domestic airport can be reached very quickly with line 10 , and downtown and Pudong international airport with line 2 . A little south of the metro stop is the entrance to the Shanghai – Chongqing (G 50) motorway , which connects the town with the provinces of Anhui , Hubei and Sichuan .
The Dianpu He (淀浦河) flows through Zhujiajiao and joins the Huangpu Jiang about 20 km further east in the Xuhui district . This 46.4 km long river still functions as an important transport route between the Dianshan Lake (淀山湖, Pinyin Diànshān Hú ) west of Zhujiajiao, from which it rises, and the Yellow Sea or the East China Sea . In order to ensure smooth boat traffic, it was dredged a total of 14 times between 1175 and 1910, then again in 1958, 1971 and 1976 after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Personalities
- Wang Chang (王 昶, 1724–1806), a high-ranking official at the imperial court, epigraphic expert and poet, was born in Zhujiajiao and died there. His family's city palace at 56 Shengli Street with its stone portal from the 19th century was placed under a preservation order on February 19, 2004.
Picture gallery
Web links
- Church website (Chinese)
- Zhujiajiao, an old town in southern China . Description at china.org.cn
- List of sights in Zhujiajiao (Chinese)
Individual evidence
- ↑ 罗 竹 风 （主编） ：汉语大词典.第十卷. 汉语大词典 出版社, 上海 1994 （第二 次 印刷）, p. 367.
- ↑ 范毅軍: 傳統 市鎮 與 區域 發展.聯 經 出版 事業 公司, 新 北市 2005, pp. 101–103 and 109.
- ↑ 罗 竹 风 （主编） ：汉语大词典 .第十卷. 汉语大词典 出版社, 上海 1994 （第二 次 印刷）, p. 1346.
- ↑ http://zhujj.shqp.gov.cn/gb/content/2007-06/26/content_139917.htm
- ↑ Ronald G. Knapp: China's Old Dwellings. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu 2000, pp. 224 and 254-259.
- ↑ http://zhujj.shqp.gov.cn/gb/content/2007-06/26/content_139915.htm
- ↑ http://tv.shqp.gov.cn/gb/content/2011-09/03/content_426093.htm
- ↑ http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node4/node2250/node4427/node5566/node9974/node10059/userobject1ai18229.html
- ↑ 趙爾 巽 (主编): 清史稿.第 305 卷 (= 列传 九十 二). 中華書局, 北京 1977.
- ↑ To these, in contrast to the open row houses of the middle class on the ground floor, separated from the street by a wall from the upper class city palaces with their light shafts and staggered inner courtyards, see the article on the Ming and Qing period houses on the website of the community: http : //zhujj.shqp.gov.cn/gb/content/2007-06/26/content_139917.htm . More detailed explanations of the typical stone portals of the 19th century (石库门, Pinyin shíkùmén ) can be found in Knapp, p. 259.
Coordinates: 31 ° 7 ' N , 121 ° 3' E