Ginger (genus)

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ginger
Zingiber macradenium

Zingiber macradenium

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family : Ginger family (Zingiberaceae)
Subfamily : Zingiberoideae
Tribe : Zingibereae
Genre : ginger
Scientific name
Zingiber
Mill.

Ginger ( Zingiber ) is a genus of plants in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It comes from the warmer parts of Asia . The best-known representative is ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) , which is often used as a spice .

description

Illustration of real ginger ( Zingiber officinale )

Vegetative characteristics

In Zingiber TYPES concerns perennial herbaceous plants . The subterranean, branched and bulbous thickened, often aromatic-smelling rhizome develop as persistence organs. The sterile shoots are upright and in most species they reach heights of 1 to 2 meters. The elongated oval, lanceolate to linear leaves are arranged in two lines .

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are cone or cone-shaped. Mostly they stand on a short stem covered with scaly leaves, in some species they sit almost directly on the rhizome and barely protrude beyond their bracts . The bracts of the flowers, which are very differently colored in the various species, are dense and overlap like roof tiles. Each bract has only a single flower .

The three-lobed, zygomorphic flowers are usually whitish. The middle lobe ( labellum ) is usually wider than the two side lobes and often split in front. In all species, the stylus protrudes clearly beyond the stamens and the corolla tube.

Occurrence

All species come from tropical to warm Asia . One species ( Zingiber zerumbet ) has been introduced as a ruderal plant to several other tropical regions of the world (America, Africa, Australia). The True ginger is cultivated in all tropical areas of the world.

Most of the species are inhabitants of moist forest floors.

Systematics

The genus Zingiber was established as "Zinziber" in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ... , 4th edition, number 3. Type species is Zingiber officinale Roscoe . Synonyms for Zingiber Mill. Nom. cons. are: Amomum L. nom. rej ., Pacoseroca Adans. nom. superflat., Zerumbet T.Lestib. nom. illeg., Cassumunar Colla , Dieterichia Giseke , Dymczewiczia Horan. , Jaegera Giseke , Thumung J.Koenig .

Zingiber cernuum
Zingiber diwakarianum
Zingiber macradenium inflorescence
Zingiber malaysiana inflorescence
Zingiber mioga
Real ginger ( Zingiber officinale )
Zingiber ottensii
Zingiber spectabile
Zingiber wrayi inflorescences just above the ground
Zingiber crushed

The genus Zingiber contains 100 to 188 species:

Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ), rhizomes

use

  • Mioga ( Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe ), a species that is mainly cultivated in Japan and of which the inflorescences are used as a spice.
  • Ginger , common ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ), an important spice plant cultivated worldwide, from which the rhizome is used.
  • Blockzitwer ( Zingiber montanum (J. König) Link ex A. Dietr. , Syn .: Zingiber purpureum Roscoe ); may come from India, is cultivated in tropical Asia.
  • Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm .: It is a ruderal plant that has beencarried over to many areas of the tropics, but is also cultivated as a medicinal plant and fragrance dispenser.

swell

  • Alan T. Whittemore: Zingiber. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 (English). , online.
  • Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiber. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 223 (English). , same text online as the printed work.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts, 2004: World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Zingiber. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Siegfried Danert: Urania plant kingdom . Volume 4: Flowering Plants 2. Urania Verlag , Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2 .
  3. ↑ a b Walter Erhardt et al .: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. 2nd volume, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
  4. ↑ a b Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 943).

Web links

Commons : Ginger ( Zingiber )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files