Point rule
The point rule is the rule of the game that defines the number of table points for a sport with which wins, draws and losses are assessed. Typical manifestations are the three-point rule and the two-point rule .
Two-point rule and three-point rule
The rule traditionally used in most sports consisted of evaluating a victory in the table with two plus points and no minus point, a draw with one plus and one minus point, a loss with two minus points and no plus point. In retrospect, this rule was referred to as the two-point rule.
In several sports it has now been replaced by the three-point rule, according to which a victory is rated with three points and a draw with one point, minus points are omitted. In football , this rule was introduced worldwide by the world football association FIFA for the 1995/96 season. After that, the three-point rule was also introduced in other team sports. In sports whose games rarely or never end in a draw, the two-point rule is still played (e.g. handball , basketball ).
The three-point rule should ensure that the teams play harder to win because the reward for winning the game is higher.
Points rules in different sports
Soccer
The three-point rule was originally introduced in 1981 by the FA on the proposal of Jimmy Hill in the English league system. In the following years countries like Israel, New Zealand, Turkey and Norway followed.
The decision to switch from the two-point to the three-point rule was taken by FIFA in 1994 and first applied at the 1994 World Cup . In the German and Austrian Bundesliga and in the Swiss National League , the regulation was implemented from the 1995/96 season. In France, however, this rule was modified between 1998 and 2016 in all women's and men's amateur leagues (from the CFA downwards) so that the participants received an additional point for each game played and not decided on the " green table ", So (SUN) 4-2-1 instead of 3-1-0.
ice Hockey
In the German Ice Hockey League and the Austrian Ice Hockey League , a more complex form of the three-point rule is used:
- The winner of a game after regular time receives three points, the loser after regular time does not.
- The winner after overtime or penalty shootout receives two points, the loser one.
Also in the 2008 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships and the 2010 Olympic Winter Games , these points rule was applied.
In the National Hockey League , the following points are distributed according to the two-point rule:
- The winner of a game after regular time, extra time or penalty shootout receives two points
- The loser after extra time or penalty shoot-out receives one point
In lower-class leagues in Germany, the application of the three- or two-point rule in the regular season depends on whether or not the respective implementation regulations provide for an extension and, if necessary, penalty shoot-outs in the event of a tie. For example , the three-point rule is used in the top division of the Bavarian Ice Sports Association , the Bayernliga (which is part of the regional league ), but the two-point rule is used in the regional and regional leagues .
hockey
Internationally, hockey was rated according to the two-point rule until 1999. In the Champions Trophy of men and women in 2000 in Amstelveen first time the three-point rule was and since then remains unchanged. In Germany it was introduced for the 2000 field season.
volleyball
In Germany, the two-point rule applied until the end of the 2012/13 season. H. the winner received two points and the loser zero points - regardless of the set ratio the game ended with.
At the beginning of the 2013/14 season, the German Volleyball Association introduced the three-point rule from the 1st Bundesliga down to the district class. This has been used for years in international tournaments and in the leagues of many countries.
The three-point rule in volleyball looks in detail as follows: Teams that win a game with 3-0 or 3-1 sets receive three points for a win. The respective losers do not receive a point. In the event of a 3-2 win, the winner receives two points and the loser one point.
rugby
At the 2007 Rugby World Cup , the following point rule applied:
- 4 points if you win
- 2 points if there is a tie
- 0 points in the event of a loss (before possible bonus points)
- 1 bonus point for four or more successful tries, regardless of the final score
- 1 bonus point in the event of a defeat with a difference of seven game points or less
Depending on the result and the number of attempts made, this results in 4 or 5 points for a win, 2 or 3 for a draw and 0, 1 or 2 points for a defeat.
chess
In chess the game winner one point, the loser gets zero points for a tie ( draw ) both players get half a point.
basketball
The two-point rule is generally used in basketball. In the men's Bundesliga there are 2: 0 points for a win and 0: 2 points for a defeat. In other leagues there is a rule that there are two points for a win and zero for a defeat. If a game rating (i.e. game loss) is pronounced, one point is deducted. As a result, teams with such penalties are automatically placed worse with the same number of wins.
In international basketball, there are two points for a win and one point for a defeat at world and European championships.
Other sports
In other sports, too - depending on the tournament and venue - there is the possibility that the winner of a game receives two points while the loser receives one point. The background is that on the one hand participation in the game is rewarded and on the other hand no draws are possible, so no regulation is necessary. In some sports, however, there are also associations and leagues that only count wins, i.e. use a de facto one-point rule (e.g. MLB , the NBA and the NFL ). In these three leagues, however, the winning percentage counts for the table order. Draws are also possible in some of these leagues (e.g. NFL).
swell
- ↑ Graham Kelly: FA should stand firm against proposed new rules on imports , Article of the Independent of June 9, 2003
- ↑ Compare sections 6.4 (general application of the two-point rule) and 6.5 (deviating application of the three-point rule in the Bavarian League) in the implementation regulations of the Bavarian Ice Sports Association: https://www.bev-eissport.de /download/DuFueBst_2018_2019_-_20.09.2018_0.pdf