Dwarf Soldanelle

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Dwarf Soldanelle
Dwarf Soldanelle (Soldanella pusilla)

Dwarf Soldanelle ( Soldanella pusilla )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Genre : Alpenbellchen ( Soldanella )
Type : Dwarf Soldanelle
Scientific name
Soldanella pusilla
L.

The dwarf Soldanelle ( Soldanella pusilla ) is a plant of the genus Alpenglöckchen ( Soldanella ) within the family Primulaceae (Primulaceae). Other common names are Small Alpine Bell (Switzerland) and Dwarf Tassel Flower.

description

Illustration from Atlas de la flora alpine , plate 334

Vegetative characteristics

The dwarf soldanelle is an evergreen, perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 2 to 10 centimeters. The up to 10 millimeters wide, round, kidney-shaped leaves are basal, thin.

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Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to August. It has an erect, leafless inflorescence stem. The terminal flowers are usually single. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The purple corollas are funnel-shaped with a length of 10 to 15 millimeters and incised up to a quarter at most (the alpine soldanelle up to the middle).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence

The dwarf soldanelle is common in the Central Alps , Eastern Alps , Carpathians , Apennines and the Balkans . In the Northern Limestone Alps , it occurs rarely and only on decalcified soils . In the eastern parts of the Central Alps it occurs scattered, to the west its distribution area extends into the Kandertal , it is also scattered in the northern parts of the Southern Alps. In Germany, it occurs mainly in the Allgäu Alps and the Berchtesgaden Alps . In the Allgäu Alps, it occurs from 1600 meters to an altitude of 2300 meters in the Vorarlberg part of the Elferkopf winter summit.

The dwarf soldanelle prefers snow valleys , damp spots in sparse alpine lawns and rubble at altitudes of 1600 to 3100 meters. It thrives best on low-lime or lime-free, very low-nitrogen, damp and wet, humus-rich, stony, long, snow-covered loam soils . It often forms stocks with a large number of individuals at its locations. The first flowers often develop at their locations while there is still snow. It is a character species of the Salicion herbaceae association, but also occurs in snow-damp associations of the Nardion or Caricion curvulae associations.

Systematics

Soldanella pusilla was first published in 1816 by Johann Christian Gottlob Baumgarten on the basis of plants collected in Transylvania . Two subspecies are recognized:

Depending on the author, there are subspecies of Soldanella pusilla :

  • Soldanella pusilla subsp. pusilla (Syn .: Soldanella pusilla var. biflora Borbás , Soldanella pusilla f. obliqua Györffy , Soldanella pirinica F.K.Meyer , Soldanella pusilla subsp. pirinica (FKMeyer) J.Chrtek ): The plants reach a height of 4-7 cm. The corolla lobes are 0.3 to 0.7 mm wide. The corolla tube measures 9 to 18 mm in length and has a diameter of 4 to 10 (up to 12) mm at the mouth. It occurs only in the southern Carpathian Mountains of Romania and in the Rila and Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria.
  • Soldanella pusilla subsp. alpicola (FKMeyer) J. Chrtek (Syn .: S. alpicola F.K.Meyer , S. alpina var. minor Seringe , Soldanella alpina var. cylindrica Seringe , Soldanella alpina var. uniflora Steinberger , Soldanella pusilla var. parviflora Freyn , Soldanella pusilla var. chrysosplenifolia J. Murr , Soldanella pusilla f. calcicola Vierh. , Soldanella pusilla f. diversifolia Zenari , Soldanella pusilla var. carestiae Cristofolini & Pignatti ): The plants reach a height of up to 13 cm. The corolla lobes are 0.4 to 1.2 mm wide. The corolla tube measures 8 to 16 mm in length and has a diameter of 6 to 13 (up to 16) mm at the mouth. It occurs in the Alps and in the northern Apennines.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 , p. 182 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 , p. 653-654 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  740-741 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 3 : Evening primrose plants to reddish plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X , p. 448 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 321.
  4. ^ Johann Christian Gottlob Baumgarten: Enumeratio Stirpium Magno Transsilvaniae Principatui. Volume 1, 1816, p. 138 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fenumeratiostirp00baumgoog%23page%2Fn198%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  5. ↑ a b c Li-Bing Zhang, Joachim W. Kadereit: The systematics of Soldanella L. (Primulaceae) based on morphological and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence. In Nordic Journal Botany. Volume 22, No. 2, 2002, pp. 129-169, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2002.tb01360.x ( PDF file at ResearchGate).

Web links

Commons : Dwarf Soldanelle ( Soldanella pusilla )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files