Dwarf perch
Dwarf perch | ||||||||||||
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Porphyry dwarf perch ( Pictichromis porphyrea ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Pseudochromidae | ||||||||||||
Bleeker , 1875 |
The dwarf perch (Pseudochromidae) are marine fish from the group of perch relatives (Percomorpha) that live near the coast . The family comprises five subfamilies with 12 genera and over 125 species . They occur in the tropical Indo-Pacific and in the Red Sea and live strictly bound to coral reefs in caves and crevices.
features
The body of the dwarf perch is elongated, laterally flattened and often beautifully colored. They usually grow to be 5 to 18 inches long. Little bass have large eyes with a slightly oval pupil. Its mouth is large and well-toothed.
The dorsal and anal fins have one to three fin spines. The pelvic fins, which can also be missing, are supported by a spine and three to five soft rays. Their base lies below or in front of the base of the pectoral fin. The sideline of the dwarf perch can be continuous or interrupted. The number of Branchiostegal rays is six.
Way of life
Little bass live hidden in coral reefs in shallow water. They predatory feed on small crustaceans and other invertebrate organisms. Small perch live in pairs or in harem groups. They are hermaphrodites , meaning that a single animal can become both female and male. In a couple, the larger animal is always the male. All dwarf bass spawn in caves. The male guards the eggs until the larvae hatch after about a week. The eggs adhere to each other and to the ground with filaments.
Systematics
Minke perch are probably closely related to the miracle perch (Plesiopidae), fairy perch (Grammatidae) and well builders (Opistognathidae).
- Subfamily Anisochrominae
- Genus Anisochromis Smith, 1954 - (3 species)
- Subfamily Assiculoidinae Gill, 2013
- Genus Assiculoides Gill & Hutchins, 1997
- Assiculoides desmonotus Gill & Hutchins, 1997
- Genus Assiculoides Gill & Hutchins, 1997
- Subfamily Assiculinae Gill, 2013
- Genus Assiculus Richardson, 1846
- Assiculus punctatus Richardson, 1846
- Genus Assiculus Richardson, 1846
- Subfamily Pseudochrominae
- Genus Cypho Myers, 1940
- Purple dwarf perch ( Cypho purpurascens ) (De Vis, 1884)
- Cypho zaps Gill, 2004
- Genus Labracinus Schlegel, 1858
- Labracinus atrofasciatus (Herre, 1933)
- Dark ring dwarf perch ( Labracinus cyclophthalmus ) (Müller & Troschel, 1849)
- Striped dwarf perch ( Labracinus lineatus ) (Castelnau, 1875)
- Labracinus melanotaenia (Bleeker, 1852)
- Genus Manonichthys Gill, 2004
- Sabah dwarf perch ( Manonichthys alleni ) Gill, 2004
- Manonichthys jamali Allen & Erdmann, 2007
- Manonichthys paranox (Lubbock & Goldman, 1976)
- Manonichthys polynemus (Fowler, 1931)
- Manonichthys scintilla Gill & Williams, 2011
- Great dwarf perch ( Manonichthys splendens ) (Fowler, 1931)
- Manonichthys winterbottomi Gill, 2004
- Genus Ogilbyina Fowler, 1931
- New Holland dwarf perch ( Ogilbyina novaehollandiae ) (Steindachner, 1879)
- Queensland bluegill ( Ogilbyina queenslandiae ) (Saville-Kent, 1893)
- Ogilbyina salvati (Plessis & Fourmanoir, 1966)
- Genus Oxycerichthys
- Pointed-tailed dwarf perch ( Oxycercichthys veliferus ) (Lubbock, 1980)
- Genus Pholidochromis
- Pholidochromis cerasina Gill & Tanaka, 2004
- Pholidochromis marginata (Lubbock, 1980)
- Genus Pictichromis Gill, 2004
- Pictichromis aurifrons (Lubbock, 1980)
- Pictichromis caitlinae Allen, Gill & Erdmann, 2008
- Pictichromis coralensis Gill, 2004
- Diadem dwarf perch ( Pictichromis diadema ) (Lubbock & Randall, 1978)
- Pictichromis dinar Randall & Schultz, 2009
- Pictichromis ephippiata (Gill, Pyle & Earle, 1996)
- Nymph dwarf perch ( Pictichromis paccagnellae ) (Axelrod, 1973)
- Porphyry dwarf perch ( Pictichromis porphyrea ) (Lubbock & Goldman, 1974)
- Genus Pseudochromis Rüppell, 1835 - (63 species)
- Aldabra dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis aldabraensis )
- Pseudochromis alticaudex
- Pseudochromis ammeri Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2012
- Pseudochromis andamanensis
- Pseudochromis aureolineatus
- Golden dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis aureus )
- Pseudochromis aurulentus
- Pseudochromis bitaeniatus
- Pseudochromis caudalis
- Pseudochromis chrysospilus Gill & Zajonz, 2011
- Pseudochromis coccinicauda
- Pseudochromis colei
- Pseudochromis cometes
- Blue striped dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis cyanotaenia )
- Dilectus dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis dilectus )
- Fork-tailed dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis dixurus )
- Pseudochromis dutoiti
- Pseudochromis eichleri Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2012
- Pseudochromis elongatus
- Pseudochromis erdmanni Gill & Allen, 2011
- Pseudochromis flammicauda
- Yellow bridge dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis flavivertex )
- Pseudochromis flavopunctatus
- Pseudochromis fowleri
- King Solomon dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis fridmani )
- Pseudochromis fuligifinis Gill & Williams, 2011
- Brown dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis fuscus )
- Pseudochromis howsoni
- Pseudochromis jace
- Pseudochromis jamesi
- Pseudochromis Kolythrus
- Pseudochromis kristinae
- Pseudochromis leucorhynchus
- Pseudochromis linda
- Pseudochromis litus
- Pseudochromis lugubris
- Pseudochromis luteus
- Pseudochromis madagascariensis
- Pseudochromis magnificus
- Pseudochromis marshallensis
- Pseudochromis melanurus
- Pseudochromis melas
- Pseudochromis mooii
- Pseudochromis moorei
- Pseudochromis natalensis
- Pseudochromis nigrovittatus
- Pseudochromis oligochrysus Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2012
- Olive dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis olivaceus )
- Pseudochromis omanensis
- Blue spotted dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis persicus )
- Black striped dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis perspicillatus )
- Pale dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis pesi )
- Pseudochromis pictus
- Pseudochromis punctatus
- Pseudochromis pylei
- Pseudochromis quinquedentatus
- Pseudochromis ransonneti
- Pseudochromis reticulatus
- Pseudochromis revellei
- Pseudochromis rosae
- Pseudochromis rutilus Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2012
- Striped dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis sankeyi )
- Pseudochromis socotraensis Gill & Zajonz, 2011
- Springer's dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis springeri )
- Pseudochromis stellatus Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2017
- Steenes dwarf perch ( Pseudochromis steenei )
- Pseudochromis striatus
- Pseudochromis tapeinosoma
- Pseudochromis tauberae
- Pseudochromis tonozukai
- Pseudochromis viridis
- Pseudochromis wilsoni
- Pseudochromis yamasakii Gill & Senou, 2016
- Genus Cypho Myers, 1940
- Subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae
- Genus Amsichthys Gill & Edwards, 1999 - (1 species)
- Genus Chlidichthys Smith, 1953 - (13 species)
- Genus Lubbockichthys Gill & Edwards, 1999 - (3 species)
- Genus Pectinochromis Gill & Edwards, 1999 - (1 species)
- Genus Pseudoplesiops Bleeker, 1858 - (9 species)
The eelfish (Congrogadidae), which were classified as a subfamily of the dwarf perch until mid-2014, have become an independent family in the third version of the revision of the bony fish system by Betancur-R and employees.
Aquaristics
The best known are the dwarf perches of the genera Pseudochromis and Pictichromis from the subfamily Pseudochrominae, which are popular fish for seawater aquariums because of their brightly colored colors . A large part of the animals offered in the trade is bred in fish farms. Small perch should always be kept in pairs.
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Hans A. Baensch / RobertPatzner: Mergus Sea Water Atlas Volume 1 , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-020-1
- Ewald Lieske, Robert F. Myers: Coral fish of the world , year Top Special Verlag Hamburg, ISBN 3-86132-112-2
- Rudie H. Kuiter / Helmut Debelius : Atlas der Meeresfische , Kosmos-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-440-09562-2
Individual evidence
- ↑ HK Mok, HJ Chang, CY Lee: Phylogenetic interrelationship of the perciform Acanthoclinidae, Grammidae, Plesiopidae, Pseudochromidae, and Opistognathidae. Bull.Inst. Zool., Vol. 29, No. 1, pages 29-39.
- ^ A b Anthony C. Gill (2013): Classification and relationships of Assiculus and Assiculoides (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae). Zootaxa , 3718 (2): 128-136. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3718.2.2
- ↑ Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 ( Memento from August 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) .
Web links
- Dwarf perch on Fishbase.org (English)