South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American worlds fair}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition''', commonly called the |
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{{Infobox World's Fair |
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| name = South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition |
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|visitors=674,086|city=[[Charleston, South Carolina]]|image=South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition Emblem.png|area={{convert|250|acre|ha|abbr=off}}|open=December 1, 1902|close=June 20, 1902|category=Historical Expo|class=Universal expositon|cnt=4|country=United States|building=Cotton Palace}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition''', commonly called the Charleston Exposition or the West Indian Exposition, was a multi-county fair and regional trade exposition held in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] from December 1, 1901 to June 20, 1902.<ref name = Tony>{{cite web | last = Chibarro | first = Tony | title = The Charleston Exhibition | publisher = www.angelfire.com | date = November 5, 1999 | url = http://www.angelfire.com/sc2/chasexpo/ | access-date =23 May 2009 }}</ref><ref name = SCE>{{cite book |editor-last=Edgar |editor-first = Walter | title = South Carolina Encyclopedia | publisher = University of South Carolina Press | year = 2006 | location = Columbia, South Carolina | pages = 898–899| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=90ITAAAAYAAJ&q=1-57003-598-9 | isbn =1-57003-598-9}}</ref><ref name = Harvey>{{cite encyclopedia | last = Harvey | first = Bruce G. | title = South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition | encyclopedia = South Carolina Encyclopedia | publisher = scencyclopedia.org | url = http://www.scencyclopedia.org/west_indian_exposition.htm | access-date =23 May 2009 }}</ref><ref name = McLaughlin>{{cite book | last = McLaughlin | first = J. Michael |author2=Toddman, Lee Davis | title = It Happened in South Carolina | publisher = Globe Pequot Press | year =2003 | location = Guilford, Connecticut | pages = 106–107 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=g8SEhPc5G3YC&q=0762724528+Lowndes+Grove&pg=PA107 | isbn = 0-7627-2452-8}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:The Cotton Palace and the Sunken Garden at the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition.jpg|thumb|Cotton Palace and Sunken Garden]] |
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[[File:The Auditorium at the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition.jpg|thumb|The Auditorium]] |
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[[File:The Manufactures Building at the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition.jpg|thumb|Manufactures Building]] |
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| ⚫ | To overcome weakening trade with Latin America and the [[Caribbean]] and seeing the benefits of fairs like the [[Cotton States and International Exposition (1895)|Cotton States and International Exposition]] held in [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] in 1895, a railroad executive, J. H. Averill, advocated holding an exposition in Charleston in the [[The Post and Courier#History|''News and Courier'']]. J. C. Hemphill, the editor of the ''News and Courier'', and Frederick W. Wagener, a German immigrant, and local businessman, were two early supporters of hosting a world's fair in Charleston.<ref name = Tony/><ref name = McLaughlin/> |
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| ⚫ | In 1900, the Charleston Exposition Company was formed and began soliciting funds. There was support from the business community and the [[South Carolina General Assembly]] allocated $50,000, but the Charleston aristocracy felt that the fair was unseemly self-promotion. The Federal government, which had normally contributed funds, did not offer early support. There were no official exhibits from abroad.<ref name = SCE/><ref name = Harvey/><ref name = McLaughlin/> |
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| ⚫ | To overcome weakening trade with Latin |
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| ⚫ | Wagener, who was president of the exposition company, suggested that {{convert|250|acre|ha|abbr=on|-1}} of his property on the [[Ashley River (South Carolina)|Ashley River]] be used for the fair. The company hired a New York architect, [[Bradford Gilbert|Bradford L. Gilbert]], who had been supervising architect for the [[Cotton States and International Exposition]]. Gilbert chose [[Architecture of the Spanish Renaissance|Spanish Renaissance style]] with the buildings painted creamy off-white. This led to it being called the "Ivory City." |
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| ⚫ | In 1900, the Charleston Exposition Company was formed and began soliciting funds. There was support from the business community and the [[South Carolina General Assembly]] allocated |
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| ⚫ | The Exposition faced many challenges. The weather was not good, some exhibits were late in opening, and there was a shortage of funds.<ref name = Tony/><ref name = SCE/><ref name = Harvey/> President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] delayed his visit from February to April. The attendance was disappointing. Only 674,086 people came to the exposition.<ref name = McLaughlin/><ref name="NIE">{{Cite NIE|wstitle=South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition|short=x|vb=x}}</ref> The cost of the exposition was $1,250,000, while the receipts were $313,000.<ref name = NIE/> |
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| ⚫ | Wagener, who was president of the exposition company, suggested that {{convert|250|acre|ha|abbr=on|-1}} of his property on the [[Ashley River (South Carolina)|Ashley River]] be used for the fair. The company hired a New York architect, [[Bradford Gilbert|Bradford L. Gilbert]], who had been supervising architect for the Cotton States Exposition. Gilbert chose [[Architecture of the Spanish Renaissance|Spanish Renaissance style]] with the buildings painted creamy off-white. This led to |
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| ⚫ | The Exposition faced many challenges. The weather was not good, some exhibits were late in opening, and there was a shortage of funds.<ref name = Tony/><ref name = SCE/><ref name = Harvey/> President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] delayed his visit from February to April. The attendance was disappointing. Only |
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The fair and its grounds were divided into two areas: Nature and Art.<ref name="McLaughlin2">{{cite book |last=McLaughlin |first=J. Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g8SEhPc5G3YC&q=0762724528+Lowndes+Grove&pg=PA107 |title=It Happened in South Carolina |author2=Toddman, Lee Davis |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-7627-2452-8 |location=Guilford, Connecticut |pages=106–107}}</ref> The focus of the exposition was the Cotton Palace, a {{convert|320|ft|m|adj=on|0}} long building with a {{convert|75|ft|m|adj=on|0}} tall dome. The other major buildings were the Palace of Commerce and the Palace of Agriculture.<ref name="NIE" /> The Woman's Building was in Wagener's Lowndes Grove house. The other major buildings were: Administration, Art, Auditorium, Fisheries, Machinery, Mines and Forestry, Negro, Transportation, and Women.<ref name="NIE2">{{Cite NIE|wstitle=South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition|short=x|vb=x}}</ref> |
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Twenty different states participated in the exposition. State buildings were erected by [[Illinois]], [[Maryland]], [[Missouri]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="McLaughlin" /> Pennsylvania featured the [[Liberty Bell]] in its exhibit.<ref name="McLaughlin" /> The cities of [[Cincinnati]] and [[Philadelphia]] also had buildings.<ref name="McLaughlin" /> Special structures were devoted to the exhibits of [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], and [[Guatemala]].<ref name="NIE" /> |
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| ⚫ | After the exposition, |
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The grounds were adorned with statuary, among them six original historical groups, situated in the Court of Palaces. Statuary included "The Aztec" by Louis A. Gudebrod, "The Negro" by Charles A. Lopez, and "The Huguenot" by [[Elsie Ward]].<ref name="NIE" /> |
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The |
The midway had a carnival with thrill rides, a {{convert|400|ft|m|adj=on|0}} long painting of the [[First Battle of Bull Run|Battle of Manassas]], and an [[Eskimo]] village. There was a Turkish Parlor with imported cigars and a house of horrors.<ref name="McLaughlin" /> |
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A miniature railroad of the [[Miniature Railway Company]] proved to be one of the most popular attractions and best-paying amusement features on the grounds. The routes touched all points of interest from the Sunken Gardens and the Court of Palaces to the headquarters for [[Hokey cokey|hoky-poky]].<ref name="SRR">[https://archive.org/stream/streetrailwayrev12amer/streetrailwayrev12amer#page/365/mode/1up ''Miniature Railways at the Charleston Exhibition.''] In: Street Railway Review, Vol 12, 1902, p. 365. {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | As with similar expositions, there were [[souvenir]]s for sale which included commemorative medals, pins, and other trinkets.<ref name="Tony" /><ref name="Expomedals">{{cite web |title=1901-1902 Charleston - South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition Medals |url=http://www.expomedals.com/1901-1902/ |access-date=23 May 2009 |publisher=www.expomedals.com}}</ref> |
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== Legacy == |
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[[File:Hampton Park 1.jpg|thumb|Bandstand from Exposition, now in Hampton Park]] |
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| ⚫ | After the exposition, [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] built [[Hampton Park (Charleston, SC)|Hampton Park]] on the eastern portion of the grounds that included the Exposition's formal court. Although it was moved and rebuilt, the bandstand in the park remains.<ref name="Coker">{{cite web|last=Coker|first=Michael D.|title=Charleston's White City - The Creation of Hampton Park|url=http://www.charlestoncuriosities.com/1/post/2009/05/the-creation-of-hampton-park.html|access-date=24 May 2009|publisher=www.charlestoncuriosities.com}}</ref> In 1919, [[South Carolina]] obtained the western portion. This was used for the new campus of [[The Citadel (military college)|The Citadel]].<ref name="SCE" /><ref name="Harvey" /> [[Lowndes Grove]], which was the Woman's Building in the exposition, remains.<ref name="Leiding">{{cite book|last=Leiding|first=Harriette Kershaw|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Historic+houses+of+South+Carolina+Lowndes+Grovek&pg=PA218|title=Historic houses of South Carolina|publisher=J.B. Lippincott Company|year=1921|isbn=9780722245705|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|pages=188–192}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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* [http://lowcountrydigital.library.cofc.edu/collections/exposition/ Images from the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition, 1901-1902], from Special Collections at the [[College of Charleston]] |
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* [https://www.loc.gov/item/00563604/ Panoramic View of Charleston Exposition (Video).] Thomas A. Edison, Inc., 1902. Available through the National Screening Room at the Library of Congress. |
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{{List of world's fairs in The United States of America}} |
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{{List of world exhibitions}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition}} |
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[[Category:World's |
[[Category:World's fairs in the United States]] |
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[[Category:1901 in the United States]] |
[[Category:1901 in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Charleston, South Carolina]] |
[[Category:History of Charleston, South Carolina]] |
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[[Category:History of South Carolina]] |
[[Category:History of South Carolina]] |
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[[Category:1901 in South Carolina]] |
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[[Category:1902 in South Carolina]] |
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[[Category:20th-century in Charleston, South Carolina]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:08, 5 September 2023
| Charleston, South Carolina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| BIE-class | Universal expositon exposition |
| Name | South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition |
| Building(s) | Cotton Palace |
| Area | 250 acres (100 hectares) |
| Visitors | 674,086 |
| Participant(s) | |
| Countries | 4 |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| City | Charleston, South Carolina |
| Timeline | |
| Opening | December 1, 1902 |
| Closure | June 20, 1902 |
| Specialized expositions | |
The South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition, commonly called the Charleston Exposition or the West Indian Exposition, was a multi-county fair and regional trade exposition held in Charleston, South Carolina from December 1, 1901 to June 20, 1902.[1][2][3][4]
History[edit]
To overcome weakening trade with Latin America and the Caribbean and seeing the benefits of fairs like the Cotton States and International Exposition held in Atlanta, Georgia in 1895, a railroad executive, J. H. Averill, advocated holding an exposition in Charleston in the News and Courier. J. C. Hemphill, the editor of the News and Courier, and Frederick W. Wagener, a German immigrant, and local businessman, were two early supporters of hosting a world's fair in Charleston.[1][4]
In 1900, the Charleston Exposition Company was formed and began soliciting funds. There was support from the business community and the South Carolina General Assembly allocated $50,000, but the Charleston aristocracy felt that the fair was unseemly self-promotion. The Federal government, which had normally contributed funds, did not offer early support. There were no official exhibits from abroad.[2][3][4]
Wagener, who was president of the exposition company, suggested that 250 acres (100 ha) of his property on the Ashley River be used for the fair. The company hired a New York architect, Bradford L. Gilbert, who had been supervising architect for the Cotton States and International Exposition. Gilbert chose Spanish Renaissance style with the buildings painted creamy off-white. This led to it being called the "Ivory City."
The Exposition faced many challenges. The weather was not good, some exhibits were late in opening, and there was a shortage of funds.[1][2][3] President Theodore Roosevelt delayed his visit from February to April. The attendance was disappointing. Only 674,086 people came to the exposition.[4][5] The cost of the exposition was $1,250,000, while the receipts were $313,000.[5]
Exhibits[edit]
The fair and its grounds were divided into two areas: Nature and Art.[6] The focus of the exposition was the Cotton Palace, a 320-foot (98 m) long building with a 75-foot (23 m) tall dome. The other major buildings were the Palace of Commerce and the Palace of Agriculture.[5] The Woman's Building was in Wagener's Lowndes Grove house. The other major buildings were: Administration, Art, Auditorium, Fisheries, Machinery, Mines and Forestry, Negro, Transportation, and Women.[7]
Twenty different states participated in the exposition. State buildings were erected by Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, New York, and Pennsylvania.[4] Pennsylvania featured the Liberty Bell in its exhibit.[4] The cities of Cincinnati and Philadelphia also had buildings.[4] Special structures were devoted to the exhibits of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guatemala.[5]
The grounds were adorned with statuary, among them six original historical groups, situated in the Court of Palaces. Statuary included "The Aztec" by Louis A. Gudebrod, "The Negro" by Charles A. Lopez, and "The Huguenot" by Elsie Ward.[5]
The midway had a carnival with thrill rides, a 400-foot (122 m) long painting of the Battle of Manassas, and an Eskimo village. There was a Turkish Parlor with imported cigars and a house of horrors.[4]
A miniature railroad of the Miniature Railway Company proved to be one of the most popular attractions and best-paying amusement features on the grounds. The routes touched all points of interest from the Sunken Gardens and the Court of Palaces to the headquarters for hoky-poky.[8]
As with similar expositions, there were souvenirs for sale which included commemorative medals, pins, and other trinkets.[1][9]
Legacy[edit]
After the exposition, Charleston built Hampton Park on the eastern portion of the grounds that included the Exposition's formal court. Although it was moved and rebuilt, the bandstand in the park remains.[10] In 1919, South Carolina obtained the western portion. This was used for the new campus of The Citadel.[2][3] Lowndes Grove, which was the Woman's Building in the exposition, remains.[11]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Chibarro, Tony (November 5, 1999). "The Charleston Exhibition". www.angelfire.com. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d Edgar, Walter, ed. (2006). South Carolina Encyclopedia. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 898–899. ISBN 1-57003-598-9.
- ^ a b c d Harvey, Bruce G. "South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition". South Carolina Encyclopedia. scencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h McLaughlin, J. Michael; Toddman, Lee Davis (2003). It Happened in South Carolina. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-7627-2452-8.
- ^ a b c d e This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- ^ McLaughlin, J. Michael; Toddman, Lee Davis (2003). It Happened in South Carolina. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-7627-2452-8.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- ^ Miniature Railways at the Charleston Exhibition. In: Street Railway Review, Vol 12, 1902, p. 365.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "1901-1902 Charleston - South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition Medals". www.expomedals.com. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ Coker, Michael D. "Charleston's White City - The Creation of Hampton Park". www.charlestoncuriosities.com. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Leiding, Harriette Kershaw (1921). Historic houses of South Carolina. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott Company. pp. 188–192. ISBN 9780722245705.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition.
- Panoramic View of Charleston Exposition (Video). Thomas A. Edison, Inc., 1902. Available through the National Screening Room at the Library of Congress.
