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{{Short description|British admiral (1711–1794)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name=Mariot Arbuthnot
|name = Mariot Arbuthnot
|birth_date=1711
|birth_date = {{birth date text|1711}}
|death_date= 31 January 1794
|death_date = {{death date and age|1794|01|31|1711|df=y}}
|image=Adm marriot.jpg
|image = Adm marriot.jpg
|image_size=270
|image_size = 245
|caption=Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot
|caption =
|birth_place = [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]]
|birth_place = [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]]
|death_place = London
|death_place = London
|nickname=
|nickname =
⚫
|allegiance = [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]
|residence = [[Image:Flag of England (bordered).svg|20px]] England
⚫
|serviceyears =
|nationality = [[Image:Flag of England (bordered).svg|20px]] English
⚫
|rank = [[Admiral of the Blue]]
⚫
|allegiance={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
|branch = [[Royal Navy]]
⚫
|serviceyears=
⚫
|commands =
⚫
|rank=[[Admiral]]
|unit =
|branch= {{navy|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
⚫
|battles = [[Battle of Cape Henry]]
⚫
|commands=
⚫
|awards =
|unit=
⚫
|relations = [[John Arbuthnot]] (uncle)
⚫
|battles=[[Battle of Cape Henry]]
⚫
|awards=
⚫
|relations=Dr [[John Arbuthnot]]
}}
}}
[[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] '''Mariot Arbuthnot''' (1711 – 31 January 1794) was a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] [[admiral]], who commanded the [[Royal Navy]]'s North American station during the [[American War for Independence]].
[[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] '''Mariot Arbuthnot''' (1711 – 31 January 1794) was a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] [[admiral]], who commanded the [[Royal Navy]]'s North American station during the [[American War for Independence]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
A native of [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]], England, Arbuthnot was the son of Robert Arbuthnot and Sarah, née Bury. Robert's father was the son of the Rev. Robert Arbuthnot, minister of Crichton & Cranston. Mariot Arbuthnot entered the Royal Navy in the late 1720s, became a lieutenant in 1739, and commander in 1746. In 1746 he was commander of the sloop {{HMS|Jamaica|1744|6}}, which captured two French privateers while employed as a cruiser in the channel. He was appointed [[post captain]] in 1747. On 22 June 1747 he became captain of the [[frigate]] {{HMS|Surprize|1746|6}}. Shortly afterwards he became captain of the {{HMS|Triton|1740|2}}.
A native of [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]], Dorset in England, Arbuthnot was the son of Robert Arbuthnot and Sarah, née Bury. Robert's father was the son of the Rev. Robert Arbuthnot, Presbyterian minister of Crichton & Cranston. Mariot Arbuthnot entered the Royal Navy in the late 1720s, became a lieutenant in 1739, and commander in 1746. In 1746 he was commander of the sloop {{HMS|Jamaica|1744|6}}, which captured two French privateers while employed as a cruiser in the channel. He was appointed [[post captain]] in 1747. On 22 June 1747 Arbuthnot became captain of the [[frigate]] {{HMS|Surprize|1746|6}}. Shortly afterwards he became captain of the {{HMS|Triton|1740|2}}.


==Seven Years War==
==Seven Years' War==
{{Main|Great Britain in the Seven Years War}}
{{Main|Great Britain in the Seven Years' War}}
In 1757 he became chief officer of the {{HMS|Garland|1748|2}}. In 1759, during the [[Seven Years' War]], he commanded the {{HMS|Portland|1744|2}}, one of the ships employed under [[Robert Duff (Royal Navy officer)|Commodore Robert Duff]] in the blockade of [[Battle of Quiberon Bay|Quiberon Bay]], and was present at the total defeat of the French on 20 November. Towards the end of the war he commanded {{HMS|Oxford|1674|6}}. In 1770 he was made captain of {{HMS|Terrible|1762|6}}.
In 1757 he became chief officer of the {{HMS|Garland|1748|2}}. In 1759, during the [[Seven Years' War]], he commanded the {{HMS|Portland|1744|2}}, one of the ships employed under [[Robert Duff (Royal Navy officer)|Commodore Robert Duff]] in the blockade of [[Battle of Quiberon Bay|Quiberon Bay]], and was present at the total defeat of the French on 20 November. Towards the end of the war he commanded {{HMS|Oxford|1674|6}}. In 1770 he was made captain of {{HMS|Terrible|1762|6}}.


==American War of Independence==
==American War of Independence==
[[File:Governor's House, Halifax, Nova Scotia (inset) by Dominic Serres, c. 1765.jpg|thumb|Governor Arbuthnot's residence (built 1749). (Located on the site of [[Province House (Nova Scotia)|Province House]], which still is furnished with his [[Nova Scotia Council]] table)]]
From 1775 to 1778, he was naval commissioner resident at [[City of Halifax|Halifax, Nova Scotia]].<ref>{{LondonGazette
From 1775 to 1778, he was [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax#Administration of the dockyard and other key officials|Resident Commissioner of the Navy, Halifax Nova Scotia]].<ref>{{London Gazette
|issue= 11583
|issue= 11583
|date=29 July 1775
|date=29 July 1775
|startpage= 1
|page=1
⚫
}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette
|accessdate= 2007-12-20
⚫
}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette
|issue= 11850
|issue= 11850
|date=17 February 1778
|date=17 February 1778
|startpage= 2
|page=2
⚫
}}</ref> He was [[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]], 1776–78. He was replaced in this role by [[Richard Hughes (lieutenant governor)|Richard Hughes]]. It may have been about then that an armed [[schooner]] was named ''[[Arbuthnot (schooner)|Arbuthnot]]'' after him. On 19 March 1779, he was made [[Vice-Admiral of the Blue]],<ref name=gazette_3>{{London Gazette
|accessdate= 2007-12-20
⚫
}}</ref> He was [[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]], 1776-78. He was replaced in this role by [[Richard Hughes (lieutenant governor)|Richard Hughes]]. It may have been about then that an armed [[schooner]] was named ''[[Arbuthnot (schooner)|Arbuthnot]]'' after him. On 19 March 1779, he was made [[Vice Admiral of the Blue]],<ref name=gazette_3>{{London Gazette
|issue= 11962
|issue= 11962
|date=16 March 1779
|date=16 March 1779
|startpage= 2
|page=2
⚫
}}</ref> and on 2 May 1779 took command of {{HMS|Europa|1765|6}}. That same year he took up his appointment as [[commander-in-chief]] on the [[North America and West Indies Station|North American Station]].<ref>{{cite DCB |title=Arbuthnot, Mariot |first=Donald F. |last=Chard |volume=4 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/arbuthnot_mariot_4E.html}}</ref> Soon after arriving at his destination, he was blockaded in [[New York City]] harbour by the French fleet under [[Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing|Count d'Estaing]].
|accessdate= 2007-12-13
⚫
}}</ref> and on 2 May 1779 took command of {{HMS|Europa|1783|6}}. That same year he took up his appointment as [[commander-in-chief]] on the [[North America and West Indies Station|North American Station]].<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=1735 Mariot Arbuthnot at Dictionary of Canadian Biography]</ref> Soon after arriving at his destination, he was blockaded in [[New York City]] harbour by the French fleet under [[Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing|Count d'Estaing]].


In December 1779, Arbuthnot conveyed the troops of Sir [[Henry Clinton (1730–1795)|Henry Clinton]] to [[Charleston, South Carolina]], and cooperated with him in [[Siege of Charleston|laying siege to that city]]. The surrender document signed by prominent citizens was addressed to him and Clinton.<ref>{{LondonGazette
In December 1779, Arbuthnot conveyed the troops of Sir [[Henry Clinton (1730–1795)|Henry Clinton]] to [[Charleston, South Carolina]], and cooperated with him in [[Siege of Charleston|laying siege to that city]]. The surrender document signed by prominent citizens was addressed to him and Clinton.<ref>{{London Gazette
|issue= 12098
|issue= 12098
|date=4 July 1780
|date=4 July 1780
|startpage= 5
|page=5
⚫
}}</ref> On 26 September 1780 he was promoted to [[Vice-admiral of the White|Vice-Admiral of the White]].<ref name=gazette_4>{{London Gazette
|accessdate= 2007-12-20
⚫
}}</ref> On 26 September 1780 he was promoted to [[Vice Admiral of the White]].<ref name=gazette_4>{{London Gazette
|issue= 12122
|issue= 12122
|date=26 September 1780
|date=26 September 1780
|startpage= 4
|page=4
|accessdate= 2007-12-13
}}</ref> On 13 March 1781, he fought the French Newport squadron, at the [[Battle of Cape Henry]],<ref name=gazette_1>{{London Gazette
}}</ref> On 13 March 1781, he fought the French Newport squadron, at the [[Battle of Cape Henry]],<ref name=gazette_1>{{London Gazette
|issue= 12181
|issue= 12181
|date=21 April 1781
|date=21 April 1781
|pages=1–3
|startpage= 1

|endpage=3
|accessdate= 2007-12-13
}} (Arbuthnot's account of the battle of Cape Henry)</ref> before returning to England.
}} (Arbuthnot's account of the battle of Cape Henry)</ref> before returning to England.


Line 71: Line 65:
|issue= 13499
|issue= 13499
|date=2 February 1793
|date=2 February 1793
|startpage= 99
|page=99
|accessdate= 2007-12-13
}}</ref> He died in London the following year, leaving two sons, John and Charles.
}}</ref> He died in London the following year, leaving two sons, John and Charles.


That he was ignorant of the discipline of his profession was proved by his altercation with [[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|Sir George Rodney]]; that he was destitute of even a rudimentary knowledge of [[Naval tactics in the Age of Sail|naval tactics]] was shown by his absurd conduct of the [[Battle of Cape Henry]]; and, for the rest, he appears in contemporary stories (cf. ''Morning Chronicle'', 18 May 1781) as a coarse, blustering, foul-mouthed bully, and, in history, as a sample of the extremity to which the maladministration of [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich|Lord Sandwich]] had reduced the British Navy.<ref name=dnb>{{DNB|wstitle=Arbuthnot, Marriot|volume=2|author=[[John Knox Laughton]]|inline=1}}</ref>
That he was ignorant of the discipline of his profession was proved by his altercation with [[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|Sir George Rodney]]; that he was destitute of even a rudimentary knowledge of [[Naval tactics in the Age of Sail|naval tactics]] was shown by his absurd conduct of the [[Battle of Cape Henry]]; and, for the rest, he appears in contemporary stories (cf. ''Morning Chronicle'', 18 May 1781) as a coarse, blustering, foul-mouthed bully, and, in history, as a sample of the extremity to which the maladministration of [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich|Lord Sandwich]] had reduced the British Navy.<ref name=dnb>{{DNB|wstitle=Arbuthnot, Marriot|volume=2|first=John Knox |last=Laughton|author-link=John Knox Laughton|pages=65-66|inline=1}}</ref>


Admiral Arbuthnot was the nephew of Dr. [[John Arbuthnot]], the satirist and mathematician.
Admiral Arbuthnot was the nephew of Dr. [[John Arbuthnot]], the satirist and mathematician.
Line 83: Line 76:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140049/http://kittybrewster.com/b.htm Family tree]}}
⚫
{{NIE Poster|Arbuthnot, Marriot|Mariot Arbuthnot}}
⚫
* {{cite book |last= Arbuthnot |first= Mrs P S-M |title= Memories of the Arbuthnots |url= https://archive.org/details/memoriesofarbuth00arbu |publisher= George [[Allen & Unwin]] |year= 1920 }}
*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=1735 Biography from the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'']
⚫
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=lplpCki_GOgC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=arbuthnot+triton The Georgian Era]
* [http://www.kittybrewster.com/members/b.htm Family tree]
⚫
* {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Arbuthnot, Marriot|year=1900 }}
⚫
* {{cite book |last= Arbuthnot |first= Mrs P S-M |title= Memories of the Arbuthnots |publisher= George [[Allen & Unwin]] |year= 1920 }}
⚫
* {{cite NIE|wstitle=Arbuthnot, Marriot }}
⚫
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lplpCki_GOgC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=arbuthnot+triton&source=web&ots=MICidmFksy&sig=z01bcFOztvYtChyFdlOH_eCG6Rs&hl=en#PPA180,M1|The Georgian Era]
⚫
* {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Arbuthnot, Marriot|year=1900|notaref=x |short=x}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Michael Francklin]]}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]]
{{s-ttl |title=[[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]] |years=1776–1778
|before=[[Francis Legge]]
|under=[[Francis Legge]]}}
|after=[[Richard Hughes (lieutenant governor)|Sir Richard Hughes]]
{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Hughes (lieutenant governor)|Sir Richard Hughes]]}}
|years=1776–1778
}}
|-
|-
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
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{{NSLG}}
{{NSLG}}
{{Arbuthnot family}}
{{Arbuthnot family}}
{{American Revolutionary War|state=collapsed}}


{{Persondata
|NAME =Arbuthnot, Mariot
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION =British admiral
|DATE OF BIRTH =1711
|PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Weymouth, Dorset]], England
|DATE OF DEATH =31 January 1794
|PLACE OF DEATH =[[London]], England
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arbuthnot, Mariot}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arbuthnot, Mariot}}
[[Category:Arbuthnot family|Mariot Arbuthnot]]
[[Category:Arbuthnot family|Mariot Arbuthnot]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:British Governors of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Governors of the Colony of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:English people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:English people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:People from Weymouth, Dorset]]
[[Category:People from Weymouth, Dorset]]

Latest revision as of 10:41, 8 January 2024

Mariot Arbuthnot
Born1711 (1711)
Weymouth
Died31 January 1794(1794-01-31) (aged 82–83)
London
AllegianceKingdom of Great Britain
Service/branchRoyal Navy
RankAdmiral of the Blue
Battles/warsBattle of Cape Henry
RelationsJohn Arbuthnot (uncle)

Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot (1711 – 31 January 1794) was a British admiral, who commanded the Royal Navy's North American station during the American War for Independence.

Early life[edit]

A native of Weymouth, Dorset in England, Arbuthnot was the son of Robert Arbuthnot and Sarah, née Bury. Robert's father was the son of the Rev. Robert Arbuthnot, Presbyterian minister of Crichton & Cranston. Mariot Arbuthnot entered the Royal Navy in the late 1720s, became a lieutenant in 1739, and commander in 1746. In 1746 he was commander of the sloop HMS Jamaica, which captured two French privateers while employed as a cruiser in the channel. He was appointed post captain in 1747. On 22 June 1747 Arbuthnot became captain of the frigate HMS Surprize. Shortly afterwards he became captain of the Triton.

Seven Years' War[edit]

Main article: Great Britain in the Seven Years' War

In 1757 he became chief officer of the Garland. In 1759, during the Seven Years' War, he commanded the Portland, one of the ships employed under Commodore Robert Duff in the blockade of Quiberon Bay, and was present at the total defeat of the French on 20 November. Towards the end of the war he commanded HMS Oxford. In 1770 he was made captain of HMS Terrible.

American War of Independence[edit]

Governor Arbuthnot's residence (built 1749). (Located on the site of Province House, which still is furnished with his Nova Scotia Council table)

From 1775 to 1778, he was Resident Commissioner of the Navy, Halifax Nova Scotia.[1][2] He was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, 1776–78. He was replaced in this role by Richard Hughes. It may have been about then that an armed schooner was named Arbuthnot after him. On 19 March 1779, he was made Vice-Admiral of the Blue,[3] and on 2 May 1779 took command of HMS Europa. That same year he took up his appointment as commander-in-chief on the North American Station.[4] Soon after arriving at his destination, he was blockaded in New York City harbour by the French fleet under Count d'Estaing.

In December 1779, Arbuthnot conveyed the troops of Sir Henry Clinton to Charleston, South Carolina, and cooperated with him in laying siege to that city. The surrender document signed by prominent citizens was addressed to him and Clinton.[5] On 26 September 1780 he was promoted to Vice-Admiral of the White.[6] On 13 March 1781, he fought the French Newport squadron, at the Battle of Cape Henry,[7] before returning to England.

Later life[edit]

He advanced by seniority to become, on 1 February 1793, Admiral of the Blue.[8] He died in London the following year, leaving two sons, John and Charles.

That he was ignorant of the discipline of his profession was proved by his altercation with Sir George Rodney; that he was destitute of even a rudimentary knowledge of naval tactics was shown by his absurd conduct of the Battle of Cape Henry; and, for the rest, he appears in contemporary stories (cf. Morning Chronicle, 18 May 1781) as a coarse, blustering, foul-mouthed bully, and, in history, as a sample of the extremity to which the maladministration of Lord Sandwich had reduced the British Navy.[9]

Admiral Arbuthnot was the nephew of Dr. John Arbuthnot, the satirist and mathematician.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "No. 11583". The London Gazette. 29 July 1775. p. 1.
  2. ^ "No. 11850". The London Gazette. 17 February 1778. p. 2.
  3. ^ "No. 11962". The London Gazette. 16 March 1779. p. 2.
  4. ^ Chard, Donald F. (1979). "Arbuthnot, Mariot". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  5. ^ "No. 12098". The London Gazette. 4 July 1780. p. 5.
  6. ^ "No. 12122". The London Gazette. 26 September 1780. p. 4.
  7. ^ "No. 12181". The London Gazette. 21 April 1781. pp. 1–3. (Arbuthnot's account of the battle of Cape Henry)
  8. ^ "No. 13499". The London Gazette. 2 February 1793. p. 99.
  9. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Laughton, John Knox (1885). "Arbuthnot, Marriot". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 65–66.

External links[edit]

Government offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
1776–1778
Served under: Francis Legge 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, North American Station
1779–1781 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mariot_Arbuthnot&oldid=1194318478"