Problem of other minds: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
minor grammar edits + clarification.
ce
 
(16 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Type of epistemological problem}}
{{Short description|Type of epistemological problem}}
{{for|the contemporary music organization|Other Minds (organization)}}
{{For|the contemporary music organization|Other Minds (organization)}}
{{Refimprove|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
The '''problem of other minds''' is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following [[Epistemology|epistemological]] question: Given that I can only observe the [[behavior]] of others, how can I know that others have [[mind]]s?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/|first=Alec|last=Hyslop|title=Other minds|editor1-last=Zalta|editor1-first=Edward N.|editor2-last=Nodelman|editor2-first=Uri|website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University|issn=1095-5054|date=14 January 2014|access-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> The problem is that [[knowledge]] of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions due to people having a "theory of mind" - the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others - supported by innate [[mirror neuron|mirror neurons]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colle |first1=Livia |last2=Becchio |first2=Cristina |last3=Bara |first3=Bruno |date=2008 |title=The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764876 |journal=Human Development |volume=51 |issue=5/6 |pages=336–348 |doi=10.1159/000170896 |jstor=26764876 |access-date=29 April 2021 |s2cid=143370747}}</ref> a theory of mind mechanism,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Alan |last2=Friedman |first2=Ori |last3=German |first3=Tim |title=Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'. |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=2004 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=528–533 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001 |pmid=15556021 |s2cid=17591514 }}</ref> or a tacit theory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopnik |first1=Alison |last2=Wellman |first2=Henry |title=Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory |journal=Psychological Bulletin |date=2012 |volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1108 |doi=10.1037/a0028044 |pmid=22582739 |pmc=3422420 }}</ref> There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from [[cognition]] which in turn requires consciousness and the [[brain]].
The '''problem of other minds''' is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following [[Epistemology|epistemological]] question: Given that I can only observe the [[behavior]] of others, how can I know that others have [[mind]]s?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/|first=Alec|last=Hyslop|title=Other minds|editor1-last=Zalta|editor1-first=Edward N.|editor2-last=Nodelman|editor2-first=Uri|website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University|issn=1095-5054|date=14 January 2014|access-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> The problem is that [[knowledge]] of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact [[social interactions]] due to people having a "[[theory of mind]]" – the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others – supported by innate [[mirror neuron]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colle |first1=Livia |last2=Becchio |first2=Cristina |last3=Bara |first3=Bruno |date=2008 |title=The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764876 |journal=Human Development |volume=51 |issue=5/6 |pages=336–348 |doi=10.1159/000170896 |jstor=26764876 |access-date=29 April 2021 |s2cid=143370747}}</ref> a theory of mind mechanism,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Alan |last2=Friedman |first2=Ori |last3=German |first3=Tim |title=Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'. |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=2004 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=528–533 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001 |pmid=15556021 |s2cid=17591514 }}</ref> or a tacit theory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopnik |first1=Alison |author-link=Alison Gopnik |last2=Wellman |first2=Henry |author2-link=Henry Wellman |title=Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory |journal=Psychological Bulletin |date=2012 |volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1108 |doi=10.1037/a0028044 |pmid=22582739 |pmc=3422420 }}</ref> There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from [[cognition]] which in turn requires consciousness and the [[brain]].


It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee the same presence of thought occurring in the self.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> However, it is often disregarded by most philosophers as outdated. Behavior is recognized to occur due to a number of processes within the brain quelling much of the debate on this problem.
It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee that someone has the presence of thought occurring within them as when oneself engages in behavior.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> [[Phenomenology (psychology)|Phenomenology]] studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness. The specific subject within phenomenology studying other minds is [[intersubjectivity]].

[[Phenomenology (psychology)|Phenomonology]] studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 16: Line 14:
* [[Chinese room]]
* [[Chinese room]]
* [[Dream argument]]
* [[Dream argument]]
* [[Ethics of uncertain sentience]]
* [[Explanatory gap]]
* [[Explanatory gap]]
* [[Hard problem of consciousness]]
* [[Hard problem of consciousness]]
Line 50: Line 49:
{{epistemology}}
{{epistemology}}
{{philosophy of mind}}
{{philosophy of mind}}
{{Consciousness}}
{{Consciousness}}


__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Problem Of Other Minds}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Problem Of Other Minds}}
[[Category:Philosophy of mind|Problem of other minds, theP]]
[[Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind|Problem of other minds, theP]]
[[Category:Concepts in epistemology]]
[[Category:Concepts in epistemology]]
[[Category:Philosophical problems|Other minds]]
[[Category:Philosophical problems|Other minds]]
[[Category:Solipsism]]




Latest revision as of 10:27, 4 May 2024

For the contemporary music organization, see Other Minds (organization).

The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds?[1] The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions due to people having a "theory of mind" – the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others – supported by innate mirror neurons,[2] a theory of mind mechanism,[3] or a tacit theory.[4] There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from cognition which in turn requires consciousness and the brain.

It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as solipsism: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee that someone has the presence of thought occurring within them as when oneself engages in behavior.[5] Phenomenology studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness. The specific subject within phenomenology studying other minds is intersubjectivity.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hyslop, Alec (14 January 2014). Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.). "Other minds". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  2. ^ Colle, Livia; Becchio, Cristina; Bara, Bruno (2008). "The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality". Human Development. 51 (5/6): 336–348. doi:10.1159/000170896. JSTOR 26764876. S2CID 143370747. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  3. ^ Leslie, Alan; Friedman, Ori; German, Tim (2004). "Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 8 (12): 528–533. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001. PMID 15556021. S2CID 17591514.
  4. ^ Gopnik, Alison; Wellman, Henry (2012). "Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory". Psychological Bulletin. 138 (6): 1085–1108. doi:10.1037/a0028044. PMC 3422420. PMID 22582739.
  5. ^ Thornton, Stephen. "Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN 2161-0002. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]



Stub icon

This philosophy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Problem_of_other_minds&oldid=1222172848"