James Doohan

James Doohan
File:TZJamesDoohan.jpg Doohan in The Twilight Zone, 1963
Born	James Montgomery Doohan
Height	180 cm (71 in)
Spouse(s)	Wende Doohan (1974-2005) Anita Yagel (1967-1972) Janet Young (1949-1964)

James Montgomery Doohan (March 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) was an Irish Canadian character and voice actor who is best remembered for his role as Montgomery "Scotty" Scott in the television and film series Star Trek. Doohan's characterization of the Scottish Chief Engineer of the Starship Enterprise was one of the most recognizable elements in the Star Trek franchise.

Early life

Doohan (pronounced DOO-en) was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, the youngest of four children of William and Sarah Doohan, recent Catholic refugees from mainly Protestant Belfast during the Irish War of Independence (also known as the Anglo-Irish War). His family later moved to Sarnia, Ontario where he attended high school at the Sarnia Collegiate Institute and Technical School (SCITS) where he excelled in mathematics and science. In add to his school work, Doohan enrolled in the 102 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps in Sarnia. Doohan's father, who worked at times as a dentist, pharmacist, and veterinarian, is said to have invented an early form of high-octane gasoline in 1923. In Doohan's 1996 autobiography, he tells of his father's alcoholism and how he tormented his family.

Military service

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Doohan, aged 19, joined the Royal Canadian Artillery, and was eventually commissioned as a lieutenant in the 13th Field Regiment, part of the divisional artillery of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. Doohan went to the United Kingdom in 1940 for what became years of training. His first combat assignment was the invasion of Normandy at Juno Beach on D-Day. Shooting two snipers along the way, Doohan led his unit to higher ground through a field of anti-tank mines and took defensive positions for the night. Crossing between command posts at 11:30 that night, Doohan took six rounds from a Bren gun fired by a nervous sentry: four in his leg, one in the chest, and one through his right middle finger. The bullet to his chest was halted by the silver cigarette case he carried, and his wounded finger was amputated which he would conceal during his career as an actor.

Despite his injuries, Doohan remained in the military, trained as a pilot and flew an artillery observation plane. He flew Taylorcraft Auster Mark V aircraft for 666 (AOP) Squadron, RCAF, as a Royal Canadian Artillery officer in a flying role in support of #1 Canadian AGRA (Army Groups Royal Artillery). All three Canadian (AOP) RCAF Squadrons were manned by Artillery Officer-pilots and 'aircrewed' by Artillery personnel serving as observers. Though never actually a member of the Royal Canadian Air Force, he was once labeled the "craziest pilot in the Canadian Air Forces."

Early acting career

After the war, Doohan started his acting career after being disheartened by the laughable quality of a radio drama, leading him to privately study Shakespeare, and with his first work a CBC radio show appearance on January 12, 1946. He took a drama class in Toronto, and later won a two-year scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City, where classmates included Canadian actor Leslie Nielsen, Tony Randall and Richard Boone. For several years he would shuttle between Toronto and New York as work demanded. During this period Doohan appeared on some 4000 radio programs and 400 television programs, and earned a reputation for his versatility. In the mid-1950s he appeared as forest ranger Timber Tom (the northern counterpart of Buffalo Bob) in the Canadian version of Howdy Doody. Coincidentally, fellow Canadian and Star Trek cast member William Shatner appeared simultaneously as Ranger Bill in the American version.

Doohan also played the lead role in the CBC TV drama production "Flight into Danger", based on Arthur Hailey's novel Runway Zero-Eight, later adapted as Terror in the Sky and spoofed in Airplane!. His credits also included The Twilight Zone, Outer Limits, Bewitched, Fantasy Island and Bonanza. In the Bonanza episode, "Gift of Water" (1962), he co-starred with actress Majel Barrett who would later be cast as in the role of Star Trek's Nurse Chapel.

Star Trek

File:James Doohan 1980s.jpg

Doohan in a 1980s Star Trek publicity shot

Doohan always had a gift for using foreign accents. Auditioning for the role of Montgomery Scott, Chief Engineer of the USS Enterprise, before Gene Roddenberry (the creator of Star Trek), Doohan did several different accents. Roddenberry asked which he preferred, and Doohan reportedly replied "If you're going to have an engineer, you'd better make him Scottish" (or "All the world's best engineers have been Scottish"). In later years he would revisit this casting process at Star Trek conventions, demonstrating a variety of possible voices and characters. When Roddenberry produced Star Trek: The Animated Series in the early 1970s, Doohan's ability to perform different voices was utilized by having him perform most "guest star" male roles in the series, including Robert April, conjectured first captain of the Enterprise.

The Scott character, as conceived, would have been a semi-regular, but just as fellow cast members Leonard Nimoy, as the alien science officer Spock, and DeForest Kelley, as the irascible medical officer Dr. McCoy, were elevated in importance to leads alongside William Shatner's Capt. James T. Kirk, it was made clear that Lt. Cmdr. Scott was the third-in-command of the Enterprise and at times the ship was left in his care. Scott was frequently used in subplots regarding disabled ship components (such as the dilithium crystals which powered the warp drive, the transporter teleportation device, or just fiddling in the jefferies tubes) and as a foil for Kirk's ambitious tactical approaches, which were said to strain the propulsion and defenses of the starship. In the end, many fans saw the Enterprise itself as the show's star, leaving Scott in an enviable position as her defender. For example, in "The Trouble With Tribbles", Scotty allowed Klingons to insult Kirk repeatedly, but was only provoked to violence when the Klingons insulted the Enterprise. Doohan was often quoted as saying, "Scotty is ninety-nine percent James Doohan and one percent accent."

Using his considerable vocal skills, Doohan devised the Vulcan and Klingon language dialogue heard in Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Later, professional linguists, particularly Marc Okrand, expanded Klingon into a fully constructed language with a working grammar.

After the series ended, Doohan found himself typecast and had a hard time getting other acting roles. After a conversation with his dentist, he realized that he would "always be Scotty," and he was able to support himself with income from personal appearances. Otherwise, he had minor, fleeting parts, often trading on his Trek fame, such as the Captain in the short-lived Saturday morning live-action kids' show, Jason of Star Command, or a cameo in the made-for-TV movie Knight Rider 2000 as "Jimmy Doohan, the guy who played Scotty on Star Trek". When the Star Trek franchise was revived, Doohan reprised his role of Scotty in seven Star Trek films and made a guest appearance on Star Trek: The Next Generation, all of which left him financially comfortable. Even so, he would never return to the busy, versatile career he once had.

Doohan was once quoted as saying "I like Captain Kirk, but I can't say that I'm very fond of Bill [Shatner]." He openly despised his fellow Canadian as did fellow Star Trek actor George Takei who even made public statements on the Howard Stern Show. Doohan accused Shatner of showboating, stealing lines, and trying to keep other actors in the background. On the other hand, an Associated Press article published at the time of Doohan's final convention appearance in late August 2004 stated that Doohan had forgiven Shatner and they had mended their relationship.

Later life and death

Doohan at the first Swiss Star Trek Convention in Luzern, spring 1997.

Doohan suffered from Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and lung fibrosis in later life. In 2004, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. On July 20 2005, at 5:30 in the morning, he died at his home in Redmond, Washington with his wife Wende and long-time friend and agent, Steve Stevens at his side. His agent identified the cause as pneumonia and Alzheimer's disease.

Many fans told him over the years that he inspired them to choose engineering as a profession. Astronaut Neil Armstrong noted this also, telling Doohan on stage at Doohan's last public appearance, "From one old engineer to another, thanks, mate." [1] In what may be regarded as an ironic coincidence, Doohan died on the anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar landing, arguably the greatest engineering achievement in human history. [2]

Doohan's ashes are to be sent into space at his request. Space burial firm Space Services, Inc. confirmed that he had arranged for his cremated ashes to be released into Earth orbit, and are scheduled to be on the Legacy Flight, expected to take place in the first quarter of 2007.

Legacy

Doohan's star on Hollywood Blvd after his death.

Doohan was the second member of the original Star Trek cast to die, after DeForest Kelley, who died in 1999.

Scotty's exploits as the redoubtable Chief Engineer aboard the Enterprise inspired many students to pursue a career in engineering. Because of this the Milwaukee School of Engineering granted Doohan an honorary degree in engineering. He was immortalised with a star in Hollywood's Walk of Fame on August 31 2004. Despite his ill health, he was present at the ceremony, which proved to be his final public appearance.

Since in Star Trek lore Scotty was born in the town of Linlithgow, Scotland, the West Lothian Council plans to place a commemorative plaque in the town in memory of Doohan. Other towns having groups claiming to be Scotty's birthplace and wishing memorials are Aberdeen, Elgin, and Edinburgh.

Private life

Doohan was married three times. He had four children, Larkin, Deirdre, and twins Christopher and Montgomery, with first wife Janet Young before a 1964 divorce. His marriage to Anita Yagel from 1967 to 1972 produced no children. In early 1974, he was introduced to 17-year-old fan Wende Braunberger at a theatre performance, later marrying that same year on October 4, 1974 with Star Trek actor, William Campbell serving as best man. Doohan and Braunberger had two children; Thomas, and Sarah, who was born in 2000, when Doohan was already 80 years old.

Bibliography

Autobiography

Doohan, James (1996). Beam Me Up, Scotty: Star Trek's "Scotty" in his own words. ISBN 0-671-52056-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Science fiction novels:

• Stirling, S.M. (2000). The Independent Command. ISBN 0-671-31951-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Stirling, S.M. (1999). The Privateer. ISBN 0-671-57832-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Stirling, S.M. (1996). The Rising. ISBN 0-671-87758-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

• James Doohan at IMDb
• James Doohan at Memory Alpha
• James Doohan in Slashdot thread

• Beam Me Up Scotty of 'Star Trek' Dead at 85 FoxNews July 20 2005
• BBC obituary
• Times obituary
• Washington Post obituary "The Actor, Boldly Going With the Flow"
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