Canadian Airways: Difference between revisions

Canadian Airways Limited
Founded	1930
Ceased operations	1942
Fleet size	See Aircraft below
Destinations	See Destinations below
Headquarters	Sioux Lookout, Ontario and later, Hudson, Ontario
Key people	James Armstrong Richardson Sr.

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Canadian Airways Limited was a Canadian regional passenger and freight air service based in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

It was founded by James Armstrong Richardson Sr. in 1926 as Western Canada Airways (WCA), was fully established in 1930 following WCA's acquisition of a number of smaller regional competitors. At its peak, Canadian Airways had a total of 51 aircraft of various types that provided both regular scheduled service between settlements as well as charter service to bush locations.

In 1942, Canadian Airways was absorbed into the fledgling Canadian Pacific Airlines, following Richardson's death three years earlier.

History[edit]

James Armstrong Richardson Sr. established Western Canada Airways in 1926 which was later to become Canadian Airways Limited.

In 1926, James Armstrong Richardson Sr. founded Western Canada Airways (WCA), which was fully established in 1930 following WCA's acquisition of a number of smaller regional competitors.

Over time, Richardson obtained 51 aircraft and an assortment of top bush pilots and military pilots, all of which provided various services, particularly cargo transport, to northwestern Canada. Whether it was financing operations, hiring and selecting personnel or selecting the best equipment for operations in Canada's tricky climate, he took a very hands on approach to running the WCA. He was also in constant contact with people throughout the aviation industry at the time, to learn and adapt efficiently. Something that made him so successful in the grain trade earlier in his career.^[1]

In 1927, he was made a Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), something that would inevitably influence later events involving his venture.^[1]

By 1929, he had taken WCA to the #2 spot behind Imperial Airways in the British Empire.^[1]

In order to expand WCA at the national level, Richardson convened a syndicate, which led to the formation of the Aviation Corporation of Canada in July 1929. The purpose of this formation was to help in the acquisition of eastern Canadian aviation companies to facilitate the planned expansion. This was done with Sir Henry Worth Thornton, representing the Canadian National Railway and Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty, of the CPR.^[1]

In 1930, Canadian Airways Limited was established after the acquisition of several aviation companies, including the previously mentioned Aviation Corporation of Canada. Richardson's goal was realized. Richardson became the president and general manager. Richardson's advanced logistical knowledge, business sense, vision and technological innovation, allowed him to piece together a vision for Canadian Air Services heading into the future.

Air mail was the backbone of aviation at the time as it underpinned regular services and helped cover costs. Richardson was particularly worried about Canadian sovereignty. The budding challenges of international competition and eastern and western Canada's strategic interests weighed on his mind as well. Political activities of varying degrees and the great depression in particular began to take a toll through the very early 1930s.

In 1932, the government mail contracts were cancelled and a host of new restrictions were introduced by the federal government. These actions would serve to gradually undermine Canadian Airways.

By 1936, control of civil aviation was transferred from the Department of National Defence to the newly established Department of Transport, operated under Minister Clarence Decatur Howe.

Around this time, Richardson's earlier fears were on the verge of being realized as American aviation companies were beginning to work towards establishing passenger routes within Canada. The Department of Transport was considering developing a national air transport system to help protect Canada's budding airline industry. Howe led Richardson to believe that his Canadian Airways would be the chosen airline for the task. He repeated this intention routinely.^[2]

Using Richardson's Canadian Airways business plan and key personnel from the Airline, Howe formed a government-run entity known as Trans-Canada Air Lines (TCA) in 1937 instead.

Richardson was deeply saddened by the betrayal and the way the events had unfolded. The personal assurances of government support for Canadian Airways were not acted upon and Howe's will to see the government rise to prominence in the field left Richardson and others out in the cold. Unfortunately, Richardson's decency and lack of will to protest publicly left Canadian Airways vulnerable.

After this, Richardson's health began to decline. He suffered from spells of sickness and exhaustion which were attributed by his doctors at the time to stress. He died suddenly on June 26, 1939.

At some point in 1939, Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, led by Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty began to implement a plan to purchase ten bush airlines from around Canada to form a new airline. Whether or not this was decided in collaboration with Richardson is not known for certain. This airline would eventually become Canadian Pacific Airlines, which was a subsidiary of CPR once government approval was obtained to amalgamate the ten airlines. The companies were Ginger Coote Airways (Vancouver), Yukon Southern Air Transport (Vancouver/Edmonton), Canadian Airways (Winnipeg), Wings LTD (Winnipeg), Prairie Airways (Moose Jaw), Mackenzie Air Services (Edmonton), Arrow Airways (The Pas), Starratt Airways (Hudson), Quebec Airways (Montreal), Dominion Skyways (Montreal).^[3]

Beatty created Canadian Pacific Airlines as a response to the TCA in 1942.^[1]^[3]

Aircraft[edit]

Aircraft operated by Canadian Airways included:

Boeing 40 (CF-AIN, CF-AIM)^[4]
Consolidated Fleetster (CF-AIP)^[5]
De Havilland Dragon
Fairchild 71C (CF-ACO and CF-ACT),
Fairchild 82A (CF-AXE)
Fokker F.VII/3m Tri-Motor (G-CASC)^[6]
Fokker F.14 (CF-AIG, CF-AIK)^[7]
Fokker Super Universal (G-CASM, G-CASN, G-CASK and others) ^[8]
Fokker Universal (G-CAFU, G-CAGD, G-CAGE)^[9]
Junkers W 34
the sixth Ju 52 built, Junkers Ju 52/1m (CF-ARM), a large single-engined monoplane powered by a Rolls-Royce Buzzard received in 1936. Known as the Flying Boxcar, it was the largest aircraft in Canada^[10] and operated from wheels, skiis and floats.^[11]
Lockheed Vega (CF-AAL)
Lockheed Model 10 Electra (CF-AZY) Five of the 10A model were acquired^[12]
Pitcairn Mailwing^[13]
four Stearman 4EMs,^[14]^[15] (CF-AMB, CF-AMC etc.)^[16]

Destinations[edit]

Destinations served included:

Carcross, Yukon
Lac-à-la-Tortue Airport (Quebec),
Grande Prairie Airport (Grande Prairie, Alberta)
Peace River, Alberta^[17]
Seattle, Washington^[18]
Vancouver, British Columbia^[18]
Victoria, British Columbia
Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba^[18]
Sioux Lookout, Ontario^[18]
Kenora, Ontario^[18]
Red Lake, Ontario
Pickle Lake, Ontario
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island^[18]^[19]
Montreal, Quebec^[18]^[19]
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan^[18]^[19]
Edmonton, Alberta^[18]^[19]
Toronto, Ontario^[18]^[19]
Winnipeg, Manitoba^[18]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Biography – RICHARDSON, JAMES ARMSTRONG – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography".
^ Shirley Render, Double Cross: The Inside Story of James A. Richardson and Canadian Airways, Douglas and McINtyre, 1999, ISBN 1-55054-722-4, pages 193,200,204,206
^ ^a ^b "Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame - Wetaskiwin, Alberta - CAHF". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-10-03.
^ Molson, 1974, p.97, 98, 114
^ Molson, 1974, p.105
^ Molson, 1974, pp.6, 44, 54, 65, 69, 114, 115
^ Molson, 1974, pp.97, 104, 106
^ Molson, 1974, pp.99-100, 107-109, 114
^ Molson, 1974, p.115
^ Molson, 1974, p.117
^ Junkers Ju-52 - Scramble Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Air Canada Fleet - Historical fleet".
^ Molson, 1974, p.114
^ Canadian Airways history
^ Canada Aviation Museum (n.d.). "Stearman 4EM Senior Speedmail". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
^ Molson, 1974, p.103
^ Alberta Heritage
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Time Table Images 1936
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Time Table Images 1936

Molson, K.M. (1974). Pioneering in Canadian Air Transport. Altona, Manitoba: D.W. Friesen & Sons. ISBN 0-91921239-5.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{for|other airlines|List of airlines of Canada|List of defunct airlines of Canada}}
+{{Distinguish|Canadian Airlines International|Canadian Airways Congo}}
 {{Infobox airline
-| airline=Canadian Airways Limited
+| airline = Canadian Airways Limited
-| image=<!-- logo -->
+| image = <!-- logo -->
-| caption=<!-- Caption for the image -->
+| caption = <!-- Caption for the image -->
-| IATA=
+| IATA =
-| ICAO=
+| ICAO =
-| callsign=
+| callsign =
-| founded=1930
+| founded = 1930
-| commenced=
+| commenced =
-| ceased=1942
+| ceased = 1942
-| bases= <!-- {{plainlist|*[[Airport Name1]] }} -->
+| bases = <!-- {{plainlist|*[[Airport Name1]] }} -->
-| fleet_size=See [[Canadian Airways#Aircraft|Aircraft]] below
+| fleet_size = See [[Canadian Airways#Aircraft|Aircraft]] below
-| destinations=See [[Canadian Airways#Destinations|Destinations]] below
+| destinations = See [[Canadian Airways#Destinations|Destinations]] below
-| headquarters=[[Canada]]
+| headquarters = [[Sioux Lookout]], Ontario and later, [[Hudson, Ontario|Hudson]], Ontario
-| key_people=James Armstrong Richardson
+| key_people = [[James Armstrong Richardson Sr.]]
 }}
-[[Image:Fairchild 71C.JPG|thumb|right|Fairchild 71C (CF-AKT) in Canadian Airways livery at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]]]
+[[File:Fairchild 71C.JPG|thumb|right|Fairchild 71C (CF-AKT) in Canadian Airways livery at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]]]
-'''''Canadian Airways''''' was an airline formed when '''''Western Canada Airways''''' bought out ''Commercial''.  It operated through the 1930s until it was purchased by [[Canadian Pacific Air Lines]] in 1941, carrying passengers on mail planes into smaller communities.
+'''Canadian Airways Limited''' was a Canadian regional passenger and freight air service based in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]].
-==History==
-James Armstrong Richardson established Western Canada Airways in 1926 which was later to become Canadian Airways Limited.
+It was founded by [[James Armstrong Richardson Sr.]] in 1926 as '''Western Canada Airways''' ('''WCA'''), was fully established in 1930 following WCA's acquisition of a number of smaller [[Regional airline|regional]] competitors. At its peak, Canadian Airways had a total of 51 aircraft of various types that provided both regular scheduled service between settlements as well as charter service to bush locations.
-Over time, Richardson obtained 51 Aircraft and an assortment of top bush pilots and military pilots, all of which provided various services, particularly cargo transport, to Northwestern Canada. Whether it was financing operations, hiring and selecting personnel or selecting the best equipment for operations in Canada's tricky climate, he took a very hands on approach to running the WCA. He was also in constant contact with people throughout the aviation industry at the time, to learn and adapt efficiently. Something that made him so successful in the grain trade earlier in his career.
-In 1927, he was made a Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Something that would inevitably influence later events involving his venture.
+In 1942, Canadian Airways was absorbed into the fledgling [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]], following Richardson's death three years earlier.
+==History==
-By 1929 he had taken WCA to the #2 spot behind Imperial Airways Limited in the British Empire.
+{{More citations needed section|date=June 2021}}
+[[James Armstrong Richardson Sr.]] established Western Canada Airways in 1926 which was later to become Canadian Airways Limited.
+In 1926, [[James Armstrong Richardson Sr.]] founded Western Canada Airways (WCA), which was fully established in 1930 following WCA's acquisition of a number of smaller [[Regional airline|regional]] competitors.
-In order to expand WCA at the national level, Richardson convened a syndicate, which led to the formation of the Aviation Corporation of Canada in July of 1929. The purpose of this formation was to help in the acquisition of eastern Canadian aviation companies to facilitate the planned expansion. This was done with Sir Henry Worth Thornton, representing the Canadian National Railways and Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty, of the Canadian Pacific Railways.
+Over time, Richardson obtained 51 aircraft and an assortment of top bush pilots and military pilots, all of which provided various services, particularly cargo transport, to northwestern Canada. Whether it was financing operations, hiring and selecting personnel or selecting the best equipment for operations in Canada's tricky climate, he took a very hands on approach to running the WCA. He was also in constant contact with people throughout the aviation industry at the time, to learn and adapt efficiently. Something that made him so successful in the [[grain trade]] earlier in his career.<ref name="biographi.ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/richardson_james_armstrong_16E.html|title=Biography – RICHARDSON, JAMES ARMSTRONG – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography}}</ref>
- In 1930, Canadian Airways Limited was established after the acquisition of several aviation companies, including the previously mentioned Aviation Corporation of Canada. Richardson's goal was realized. Richardson became the President and General Manager.
+In 1927, he was made a Director of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CPR), something that would inevitably influence later events involving his venture.<ref name="biographi.ca" />
- Richardson's advanced logistical knowledge, business sense, vision and technological innovation, allowed him to piece together a vision for Canadian Air Services heading into the future.
+By 1929, he had taken WCA to the #2 spot behind [[Imperial Airways]] in the [[British Empire]].<ref name="biographi.ca" />
-Air Mail was the backbone of aviation at the time as it underpinned regular services and helped cover costs. Richardson was particularly worried about Canadian Sovereignty. The budding challenges of International competition and eastern and western Canada's strategic interests weighed on his mind as well. Political nonsense of varying degrees and the great depression in particular began to take a toll through the very early 1930's
+In order to expand WCA at the national level, Richardson convened a syndicate, which led to the formation of the Aviation Corporation of Canada in July 1929. The purpose of this formation was to help in the acquisition of eastern Canadian aviation companies to facilitate the planned expansion. This was done with Sir [[Henry Worth Thornton]], representing the [[Canadian National Railway]] and Sir [[Edward Wentworth Beatty]], of the CPR.<ref name="biographi.ca" />
-In 1932, Government mail contracts were cancelled and a host of new restrictions were introduced by the Federal Government. Peter Thomas Coolican (acting Deputy Postmaster General) and General Andrew George Latta McNaughton (Army Chief of Staff/Head of Civil Aviation) were two such individuals. Neither had much understanding of the financial and operational aspects of commercial aviation and they understandably frustrated Richardson endlessly. Their short sighted actions would serve to gradually undermine Canadian Airways.
+In 1930, Canadian Airways Limited was established after the acquisition of several aviation companies, including the previously mentioned Aviation Corporation of Canada. Richardson's goal was realized. Richardson became the president and general manager. Richardson's advanced logistical knowledge, business sense, vision and technological innovation, allowed him to piece together a vision for Canadian Air Services heading into the future.
-By 1936, control of civil aviation was transferred from the Department of National Defense to the newly established Department of Transport. The department operated under Minister Clarence Decatur Howe.
+[[Airmail|Air mail]] was the backbone of aviation at the time as it underpinned regular services and helped cover costs. Richardson was particularly worried about Canadian sovereignty. The budding challenges of international competition and eastern and western Canada's strategic interests weighed on his mind as well. Political activities of varying degrees and the great depression in particular began to take a toll through the very early 1930s.
-Around this time, Richardson's earlier fears were on the verge of being realized as American aviation companies were beginning to work towards establishing passenger routes within Canada. The Department of Transport was considering developing a national air transport system to help protect Canada's budding Airline industry. Howe led Richardson to believe that his Canadian Airways would be the chosen airline for the task. He repeated this intention routinely.
+In 1932, the government mail contracts were cancelled and a host of new restrictions were introduced by the federal government. These actions would serve to gradually undermine Canadian Airways.
-Using Richardson's Canadian Airways business plan and key personnel from the Airline, Howe formed a Government run entity known as Trans-Canada Air Lines (TCA) in 1937 instead.
+By 1936, control of civil aviation was transferred from the Department of National Defence to the newly established [[Department of Transport (Canada)|Department of Transport]], operated under Minister [[Clarence Decatur Howe]].
-Richardson was deeply saddened by the betrayal and the way the events had unfolded. The personal assurances of Government support for Canadian Airways weren't acted upon and Howe's will to see the Government rise to prominence in the field left Richardson and others out in the cold. Unfortunately, Richardson's decency and lack of will to protest publicly left Canadian Airways vulnerable.
+Around this time, Richardson's earlier fears were on the verge of being realized as American aviation companies were beginning to work towards establishing passenger routes within Canada. The Department of Transport was considering developing a national air transport system to help protect Canada's budding airline industry. Howe led Richardson to believe that his Canadian Airways would be the chosen airline for the task. He repeated this intention routinely.<ref>Shirley Render, ''Double Cross: The Inside Story of James A. Richardson and Canadian Airways'', Douglas and McINtyre, 1999, {{ISBN|1-55054-722-4}}, pages 193,200,204,206</ref>
-After this, Richardson's health began to decline. He suffered from spells of sickness and exhaustion which were attributed by his Doctors at the time to Stress. He died suddenly on June 26, 1939.
+Using Richardson's Canadian Airways business plan and key personnel from the Airline, Howe formed a government-run entity known as [[Trans-Canada Air Lines]] (TCA) in 1937 instead.
-At some point in 1939, Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, led by Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty  began to implement a plan to purchase ten bush airlines from around Canada to form a new airline. Whether or not this was decided in collaboration with Richardson is not known for certain. This Airline would eventually become Canadian Pacific Airlines, which was a subsidiary of CPR once Government approval was obtained to amalgamate the ten airlines.
+Richardson was deeply saddened by the betrayal and the way the events had unfolded. The personal assurances of government support for Canadian Airways were not acted upon and Howe's will to see the government rise to prominence in the field left Richardson and others out in the cold. Unfortunately, Richardson's decency and lack of will to protest publicly left Canadian Airways vulnerable.
-The companies were Ginger Coote Airways (Vancouver), Yukon Southern Air Transport (Vancouver/Edmonton), Canadian Airways (Winnipeg), Wings LTD (Winnipeg), Prairie Airways (Moose Jaw), Mackenzie Air Services (Edmonton), Arrow Airways (The Pas), Starratt Airways (Hudson), Quebec Airways (Montreal), Dominion Skyways (Montreal).
+After this, Richardson's health began to decline. He suffered from spells of sickness and exhaustion which were attributed by his doctors at the time to stress. He died suddenly on June 26, 1939.
-Beatty created Canadian Pacific Airlines as a response to the TCA in 1942.
+At some point in 1939, Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, led by Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty began to implement a plan to purchase ten bush airlines from around Canada to form a new airline. Whether or not this was decided in collaboration with Richardson is not known for certain. This airline would eventually become [[Canadian Pacific Airlines]], which was a subsidiary of CPR once government approval was obtained to amalgamate the ten airlines.  The companies were [[Ginger Coote Airways]] (Vancouver), Yukon Southern Air Transport (Vancouver/Edmonton), Canadian Airways (Winnipeg), Wings LTD (Winnipeg), [[Prairie Airways]] (Moose Jaw), [[MacKenzie Air Services|Mackenzie Air Services]] (Edmonton), [[Arrow Airways]] (The Pas), [[Starratt Airways]] (Hudson), [[Quebec Airways]] (Montreal), [[Dominion Skyways]] (Montreal).<ref name="cahf.ca">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cahf.ca/belt_of_orion/CPAIR.php# |title=Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame - Wetaskiwin, Alberta - CAHF |access-date=2014-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070051/http://www.cahf.ca/belt_of_orion/CPAIR.php# |archive-date=2014-10-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-Sources:
+Beatty created Canadian Pacific Airlines as a response to the TCA in 1942.<ref name="biographi.ca" /><ref name="cahf.ca" />
-<ref>http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/richardson_james_armstrong_16E.html
-http://truewordalchemy.blogspot.ca/2014/10/forgotten-history-of-canadas-true-first.html
-http://www.cahf.ca/belt_of_orion/CPAIR.php</ref>
--12-11 retrieved 2007-12-11 - Revised on October 3, 2014</ref>
 ==Aircraft==
-[[Image:Junkers W.34 CF-ATF Can Aws Rock 26.03.71 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Junkers W.34]] preserved in Canadian Airways markings on floats at the [[Canada Aviation Museum]] at Rockcliffe near Ottawa]]
+[[File:Junkers W.34 CF-ATF Can Aws Rock 26.03.71 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Junkers W.34]] preserved in Canadian Airways markings on floats at the [[Canada Aviation Museum]] at Rockcliffe near Ottawa]]
-[[Image:Junkers Ju-52 single-engine.JPG|thumb|right|Replica Ju 52/1m ''CF-ARM'' at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]].]]
+[[File:Junkers Ju-52 single-engine.JPG|thumb|right|Replica Ju 52/1m ''CF-ARM'' at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]].]]
 Aircraft operated by Canadian Airways included:
 * [[Boeing 40]] (CF-AIN, CF-AIM)<ref>Molson, 1974, p.97, 98, 114</ref>
 * [[Consolidated Fleetster]] (CF-AIP)<ref>Molson, 1974, p.105</ref>
 * [[De Havilland Dragon]]
-* [[Fairchild 71]]C (CF-ACO and CF-ACT),
+* [[Fairchild 71|Fairchild 71C]] (CF-ACO and CF-ACT),
 * [[Fairchild 82|Fairchild 82A]] (CF-AXE)
+*Fokker F.VII/3m Tri-Motor (G-CASC)<ref>Molson, 1974, pp.6, 44, 54, 65, 69, 114, 115</ref>
 * [[Fokker F.14]] (CF-AIG, CF-AIK)<ref>Molson, 1974, pp.97, 104, 106</ref>
 * [[Fokker Super Universal]] (G-CASM, G-CASN, G-CASK and others) <ref>Molson, 1974, pp.99-100, 107-109, 114</ref>
 * [[Fokker Universal]] (G-CAFU, G-CAGD, G-CAGE)<ref>Molson, 1974, p.115</ref>
 * [[Junkers W 34]]
-* the sixth Ju 52 built, [[Junkers Ju 52|Junkers Ju 52/1m]] (CF-ARM), a large single-engined monoplane powered by a [[Rolls-Royce Buzzard]] received in 1936. Known as the ''Flying Boxcar'', it was the largest aircraft in Canada<ref>Molson, 1974, p.117</ref> and operated from wheels, skiis and floats.<ref>[http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju-52/1m Junkers Ju-52 - [[Scramble (magazine)|Scramble]]<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
+* the sixth Ju 52 built, [[Junkers Ju 52|Junkers Ju 52/1m]] (CF-ARM), a large single-engined monoplane powered by a [[Rolls-Royce Buzzard]] received in 1936. Known as the ''Flying Boxcar'', it was the largest aircraft in Canada<ref>Molson, 1974, p.117</ref> and operated from wheels, skiis and floats.<ref>[http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju-52/1m Junkers Ju-52] - [[Scramble (magazine)|Scramble]]<!-- Bot generated title --> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929082959/http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju-52%2F1m |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>
 * [[Lockheed Vega]] (CF-AAL)
+* [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]] (CF-AZY) Five of the 10A model were acquired<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/historical/lockheed-10a.html|title = Air Canada Fleet - Historical fleet}}</ref>
-* [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]] (CF-AZY)
 * [[Pitcairn Mailwing]]<ref>Molson, 1974, p.114</ref>
-* four [[Stearman 4|Stearman 4EMs]],<ref>[http://oldbeacon.com/beacon/airlines/canada/ca.htm Canadian Airways history]</ref><ref name="CAM">{{cite web|url = http://home.att.net/~jBaugher1/f4_41.html|title = Stearman 4EM Senior Speedmail|accessdate = 2009-03-25|last = [[Canada Aviation Museum]]|authorlink = |year = undated}}</ref> (CF-AMB, CF-AMC etc.)<ref>Molson, 1974, p.103</ref>
+* four [[Stearman 4|Stearman 4EMs]],<ref>[http://oldbeacon.com/beacon/airlines/canada/ca.htm Canadian Airways history]</ref><ref name="CAM">{{cite web|url = http://home.att.net/~jBaugher1/f4_41.html|title = Stearman 4EM Senior Speedmail|access-date = 2009-03-25|last = Canada Aviation Museum|author-link = Canada Aviation Museum|year = n.d.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090429055829/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher1/f4_41.html#|archive-date = 2009-04-29|url-status = dead}}</ref> (CF-AMB, CF-AMC etc.)<ref>Molson, 1974, p.103</ref>
 == Destinations ==
@@ Line 101: / Line 100: @@
 *[[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]<ref name=caw37a /><ref name=caw3601a />
 *[[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]<ref name=caw37a />
+== See also ==
+* [[List of defunct airlines of Canada]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 *{{cite book|last1=Molson|first1=K.M.|title=Pioneering in Canadian Air Transport |publisher=D.W. Friesen & Sons|location=Altona, Manitoba|year=1974 |isbn=0-91921239-5}} <!-- <ref name=Pioneering>Molson, 1974, pp</ref> -->
 ==Further reading==
+{{commons category|Canadian Airways}}
 *[http://www.airtimes.com/cgat/ca/canadianairways.htm Air timetables]
-*{{commonscat-inline|Canadian Airways}}
+{{Portal bar|Canada|Companies|Aviation}}
 {{Defunct airlines of Canada}}
-{{aviation lists}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Airlines established in 1926]]
-[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 1941]]
+[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 1942]]
 [[Category:Defunct airlines of Canada]]
+[[Category:Defunct seaplane operators]]
+[[Category:James Richardson & Sons]]

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