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{{Short description|Spanish general and politician (1514–1577)}}
{{Copyedit|date=August 2009}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{family name hatnote|Álvarez de Toledo|Osorio|lang=Spanish}}
[[File:Siege of malta 3.jpg|thumb|''The [[Great Siege of Malta|Siege of Malta]] - Flight of the Ottomans'' by [[Matteo Perez d'Aleccio]], showing Don García's relief force battling the retreating Ottomans.]]


'''García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo''', [[Grandee of Spain]], (in full, {{lang-es|[[Don (honorific)|Don]] García Álvarez de Toledo, cuarto Marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo, Duque de Fernandina y Principe di Montalbano}}), ([[Villafranca del Bierzo]], August 29, 1514 - [[Naples]]; May 31, 1577), was a Spanish military officer and politician.
'''García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquess of Villafranca del Bierzo''' (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
His father was [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Villafranca]], [[List of viceroys of Naples|Viceroy of Naples]] between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The infamous Iron Duke, [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba]], was his cousin.
He was born at [[Villafranca del Bierzo]], the son of [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Maquesss of Villafranca]], [[List of viceroys of Naples|Viceroy of Naples]] between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The famous [[Duke of Alba]], [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Fernando Álvarez de Toledo]], was his first cousin. Among his many siblings was [[Eleanor of Toledo|Eleonora of Toledo]], wife of [[Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].


He started his military career under command of [[Andrea Doria]] on the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In [[1535]] he already commanded 6 galleys and distinguished himself in the battles of [[La Goletta]], [[Conquest of Tunis|Tunis]], [[Algiers]], Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia, after which he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of [[Naples]].
He started his military career under the command of [[Andrea Doria]] in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of six galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of [[La Goletta]], [[Conquest of Tunis (1535)|Tunis]], [[Algiers]], Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of Naples.


He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and ''Capitán General del Mar'', a title he received in [[1544]] after having fought [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]]. He was [[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]] between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantery of [[Kingdom of Naples]] and finally, [[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]] between 1564 and 1566.
He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and ''Capitán General del Mar'', a title he received in 1544 after having fought [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]]. He was [[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]] between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantry of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and finally, between 1564 and 1566, [[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]].


Here he accomplished his two greatest achievements : the conquest of [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] in 1564 and the relief of the [[Siege of Malta (1565)]]. For this he received from King [[Philip II of Spain]] the titles ''Duke of Fernandina'' and ''Prince of Montalbán'' on [[December 24]] [[1569]].
As Viceroy of Sicily he accomplished his two greatest achievements: the conquest of [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] in 1564, and the relief of the [[Siege of Malta (1565)]]. For this he received from King [[Philip II of Spain]] the titles [[Duke of Fernandina]] and Prince of Montalbán on 24 December 1569. He died at [[Naples]] in 1577.


⚫
== Marriage and children ==
[[The relief of Malta.]]
In 1552,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJhI5qbQhv4C|title=Twilight of the Renaissance: The Life of Juan de Valdes|last=Crews|first=Daniel A.|date=2008-10-22|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9781442692978|language=en}}</ref> in Naples, the Duke married Donna Vittoria Colonna, the daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and [[Giovanna d'Aragona]] and the niece of famed poet and diplomat [[Vittoria Colonna]], with whom she shares a name. They had six children:


* [[Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquess of Villafranca]] and [[Grandee of Spain]];
In 1565 Don Garcia De Toledo (as known among the Maltese people), visited Malta on the month of April learning that Jean De La valette,(Grand Master of the knights of Malta), received news of a siege that was to come. Don Garcia left his son in Malta to fight the siege but this he did to fulfill a promise he made to the La Valette that he would come to relieve them. On May the 18th more than 40,000 Turks invaded the island which was defended only by 600 knights of the order, 3,000 Italian and Spanish troops and more than 7,000 Maltese civilians called the Dejma. Don Garcia was expected at the end of July but the knights had to fight the siege on their own for only 700 men managed to break through the Turkish naval lines at the end of July. This breakthrough is known as the ''piccolo soccorso''. It was when the Turks were retreating from the island that don Garcia De Toledo, along with Andrea Doria managed to land 10,000 troops at Mellieha bay. Upon arriving Garcia and his other two commanders, Asciano del Corna and Alvaro de Sande made it to Mdina mostly at the double. The day after, the last engagement took place. Seeing his troops in such good spirits to fight the Turks and since most of them broke ranks, the viceroy had no choice but to order a general charge. Not only did he chase the Turks but managed to destroy the remainder of them for it is said that even when these invaders jumped into the sea to escape to their fleet, the Spanish force kept shooting at them killing more than 6,000 out of the approximate 10,000 remaining. A massacre was done that day. It was the 8th of September the feast of the Nativity of our Holy Mother. (Steven Garcia)
⚫
* María de Toledo, married [[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba]];
⚫
== Marriage and Children ==
⚫
* Juana de Toledo, married Bernardino Pimentel, 3rd Marquess of Távara;
⚫
* [[Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo|Leonor de Toledo]], married her cousin [[Pietro de' Medici]], Prince of [[Tuscany]];
⚫
* Ana de Toledo, married Gómez Dávila, 3rd Marquess of Velada;
⚫
* Inés de Toledo, married Juan Pacheco, 2nd Marquess of Cerralbo.


⚫
He also had two illegitimate children:
The Duke married in Naples on [[April 5]] [[1536]] with Doña Vittoria Colonna, daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and Doña Juana de Aragón. They had 6 children :


* [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca]], and [[Grandee of Spain]]
* Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli;
* María de Toledo, married [[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba]]
* Delia de Toledo, a [[Carmelite]] nun.
⚫
* Juana de Toledo, married Bernardino Pimentel, 3rd Marquis of Távara.
⚫
* [[Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo|Leonor Álvarez de Toledo]], married her cousin [[Pietro de' Medici]], Prince of [[Tuscany]]
⚫
* Ana de Toledo, married Gómez Dávila, 3rd Marquis of Velada
⚫
* Inés de Toledo, married Juan Pacheco, 2nd Marquis of Cerralbo.


⚫
== Ancestry ==
⚫
He also had two illegitimate children :
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⚫
|1='''García Álvarez de Toledo<br>4th Marquess of Villafranca'''
⚫
|2=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquess of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Marquess of Villafranca]]
⚫
|3=María Osorio<br>Marchioness of Villafranca
⚫
|4=[[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba|Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Duke of Alba]]
|5=Isabel de Zuñiga y Pimentel
|6=Luís de Pimentel<br>1st Marquess of Villafranca
|7=Juana Osorio y Bazán
⚫
|8=[[García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba|García Álvarez de Toledo<br>1st Duke of Alba]]
|9=María Enriquez
|10=Álvaro de Zuñiga<br>Duke of Plasencia
|11=Leonor de Pimentel
|12=Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel<br>Duke of Benavente
|13=María Pacheco
|14=Pedro Álvarez Osorio<br>Count of Lemos
|15=María de Bazán
⚫
}}


==References==
⚫
* Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli.
{{Reflist}}
* Delia de Toledo, [[carmelite]] nun.

⚫
== Ancestry ==
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''García Álvarez de Toledo's ancestors in three generations'''
|-
|-
⚫
| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''García Álvarez de Toledo<br>4th Marquis of Villafranca'''
⚫
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:'''<br />[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Marquis of Villafranca]]
⚫
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba|Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Duke of Alba]]
⚫
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba|García Álvarez de Toledo<br>1st Duke of Alba]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María Enriquéz
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br />Isabel de Zuñiga y Pimentel
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Álvaro de Zuñiga, Duke of Plasencia|Álvaro de Zuñiga<br>Duke of Plasencia]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />Leonor de Pimentel
|-
⚫
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:'''<br />María Osorio<br>Marchioness of Villafranca
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Luis de Pimentel, 1st Marquis of Villafranca|Luís de Pimentel<br>1st Marquis of Villafranca]]
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel|Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel<br>Duke of Benavente]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María Pacheco
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Juana de Osorio y Bazán]]
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Pedro Álvarez de Osorio|Pedro Álvarez de Osorio<br>Count of Lemos]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María de Bazán
⚫
|}
</center>


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pedro Afán de Ribera, 1st Duke of Alcalá|The Duke of Alcalá]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pedro Afán de Ribera|The Duke of Alcalá]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]]|years=1558-1564}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]]|years=1558–1564}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1st Duke of Francavilla|The Duke of Francavilla]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y de la Cerda|The Duke of Francavilla]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli|The Duke of Medinaceli]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli|The Duke of Medinaceli]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]]|years=1564-1566}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]]|years=1564–1566}}
{{s-aft|after= }}
{{s-aft|after=[[Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia|The Duke of Terranova]]}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fadrique de Toledo, 3rd Marquis of Villafranca|Fadrique de Toledo]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fadrique de Toledo Osorio, 3rd Marquis of Villafranca|Fadrique de Toledo Osorio]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Marquis of Villafranca|Marquis of<br>Villafranca del Bierzo]]|years=1554-1577}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Marquis of Villafranca|Marquess of<br>Villafranca del Bierzo]]|years=1554–1577}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo]]}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro de Toledo Osorio]]}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Fernandina]]|years=1568-1577}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Fernandina|Duke of Fernandina]]|years=1568–1577}}
{{s-reg|it}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Montalbán]]|years=1568-1577}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Spanish Empire}}
⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez De Toledo, Garcia 04}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez De Toledo, Garcia}}
[[Category:1514 births]]
[[Category:1514 births]]
[[Category:1577 deaths]]
[[Category:1577 deaths]]
[[Category:Spanish nobility]]
[[Category:People from El Bierzo]]
⚫
[[Category:Álvarez de Toledo family|Garcia]]
[[Category:Dukes of Fernandina|101]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish politicians]]
[[Category:Spanish politicians]]
[[Category:Spanish military personnel]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish military personnel]]
[[Category:Spanish admirals]]
[[Category:Spanish admirals]]
[[Category:Spanish diplomats]]
[[Category:Spanish diplomats]]
[[Category:Álvarez de Toledo|Garcia]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Catalonia]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Sicily]]

⚫
[[es:García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio]]
[[it:García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio]]
[[nl:García Álvarez de Toledo]]
[[pt:Marquês de Villafranca]]

Latest revision as of 07:49, 1 May 2023

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Álvarez de Toledo and the second or maternal family name is Osorio.
The Siege of Malta - Flight of the Ottomans by Matteo Perez d'Aleccio, showing Don García's relief force battling the retreating Ottomans.

García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquess of Villafranca del Bierzo (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician.

Biography[edit]

He was born at Villafranca del Bierzo, the son of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Maquesss of Villafranca, Viceroy of Naples between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The famous Duke of Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, was his first cousin. Among his many siblings was Eleonora of Toledo, wife of Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

He started his military career under the command of Andrea Doria in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of six galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of La Goletta, Tunis, Algiers, Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of Naples.

He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and Capitán General del Mar, a title he received in 1544 after having fought Hayreddin Barbarossa. He was Viceroy of Catalonia between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantry of the Kingdom of Naples and finally, between 1564 and 1566, Viceroy of Sicily.

As Viceroy of Sicily he accomplished his two greatest achievements: the conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera in 1564, and the relief of the Siege of Malta (1565). For this he received from King Philip II of Spain the titles Duke of Fernandina and Prince of Montalbán on 24 December 1569. He died at Naples in 1577.

Marriage and children[edit]

In 1552,[1] in Naples, the Duke married Donna Vittoria Colonna, the daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and Giovanna d'Aragona and the niece of famed poet and diplomat Vittoria Colonna, with whom she shares a name. They had six children:

He also had two illegitimate children:

  • Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli;
  • Delia de Toledo, a Carmelite nun.

Ancestry[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Crews, Daniel A. (2008-10-22). Twilight of the Renaissance: The Life of Juan de Valdes. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442692978.
Government offices
Preceded by Viceroy of Catalonia
1558–1564 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Viceroy of Sicily
1564–1566 		Succeeded by
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Marquess of
Villafranca del Bierzo
1554–1577 		Succeeded by
New title Duke of Fernandina
1568–1577
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=García_Álvarez_de_Toledo_y_Osorio&oldid=1152609400"