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{{Short description|Spanish general and politician (1514–1577)}}
{{Unreferenced|date=November 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Garcia Alvarez de Toledo.jpg|250px|thumb|right|16th century portrait of Alvarez.]]
{{family name hatnote|Álvarez de Toledo|Osorio|lang=Spanish}}
⚫
'''García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo''' (August 29, 1514 – May 31, 1577), was a Spanish military officer and politician.
[[File:Siege of malta 3.jpg|thumb|''The [[Great Siege of Malta|Siege of Malta]] - Flight of the Ottomans'' by [[Matteo Perez d'Aleccio]], showing Don García's relief force battling the retreating Ottomans.]]

⚫
'''García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquess of Villafranca del Bierzo''' (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
He was born at [[Villafranca del Bierzo]], the son of [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Villafranca]], [[List of viceroys of Naples|Viceroy of Naples]] between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The infamous Iron Duke, [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba]], was his cousin. Among his many siblings was [[Eleanor of Toledo|Eleonora of Toledo]], wife of [[Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].
He was born at [[Villafranca del Bierzo]], the son of [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Maquesss of Villafranca]], [[List of viceroys of Naples|Viceroy of Naples]] between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The famous [[Duke of Alba]], [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Fernando Álvarez de Toledo]], was his first cousin. Among his many siblings was [[Eleanor of Toledo|Eleonora of Toledo]], wife of [[Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].


He started his military career under the command of [[Andrea Doria]] in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of 6 galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of [[La Goletta]], [[Conquest of Tunis (1535)|Tunis]], [[Algiers]], Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of [[Naples]].
He started his military career under the command of [[Andrea Doria]] in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of six galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of [[La Goletta]], [[Conquest of Tunis (1535)|Tunis]], [[Algiers]], Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of Naples.


He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and ''Capitán General del Mar'', a title he received in 1544 after having fought [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]]. He was [[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]] between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantry of [[Kingdom of Naples]] and finally, [[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]] between 1564 and 1566.
He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and ''Capitán General del Mar'', a title he received in 1544 after having fought [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]]. He was [[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]] between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantry of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and finally, between 1564 and 1566, [[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]].


As Viceroy of Sicily he accomplished his two greatest achievements: the conquest of [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] in 1564, and the relief of the [[Siege of Malta (1565)]]. For this he received from King [[Philip II of Spain]] the titles '''[[Duke of Fernandina]]''' and '''Prince of Montalbán''' on December 24, 1569.
As Viceroy of Sicily he accomplished his two greatest achievements: the conquest of [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] in 1564, and the relief of the [[Siege of Malta (1565)]]. For this he received from King [[Philip II of Spain]] the titles [[Duke of Fernandina]] and Prince of Montalbán on 24 December 1569. He died at [[Naples]] in 1577.

He died at [[Naples]] in 1577.


== Marriage and children ==
== Marriage and children ==
On April 5, 1536, in Naples, the Duke married Donna Vittoria Colonna, daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and Donna [[Giovanna d'Aragona]]. They had six children:
In 1552,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJhI5qbQhv4C|title=Twilight of the Renaissance: The Life of Juan de Valdes|last=Crews|first=Daniel A.|date=2008-10-22|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9781442692978|language=en}}</ref> in Naples, the Duke married Donna Vittoria Colonna, the daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and [[Giovanna d'Aragona]] and the niece of famed poet and diplomat [[Vittoria Colonna]], with whom she shares a name. They had six children:


* [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca]] and [[Grandee of Spain]];
* [[Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquess of Villafranca]] and [[Grandee of Spain]];
* María de Toledo, married [[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba]];
* María de Toledo, married [[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba]];
* Juana de Toledo, married Bernardino Pimentel, 3rd Marquis of Távara;
* Juana de Toledo, married Bernardino Pimentel, 3rd Marquess of Távara;
* [[Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo|Leonor Álvarez de Toledo]], married her cousin [[Pietro de' Medici]], Prince of [[Tuscany]];
* [[Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo|Leonor de Toledo]], married her cousin [[Pietro de' Medici]], Prince of [[Tuscany]];
* Ana de Toledo, married Gómez Dávila, 3rd Marquis of Velada;
* Ana de Toledo, married Gómez Dávila, 3rd Marquess of Velada;
* Inés de Toledo, married Juan Pacheco, 2nd Marquis of Cerralbo.
* Inés de Toledo, married Juan Pacheco, 2nd Marquess of Cerralbo.


He also had two illegitimate children:
He also had two illegitimate children:


* Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli;
* Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli;
* Delia de Toledo, [[Carmelite]] nun.
* Delia de Toledo, a [[Carmelite]] nun.


== Ancestry ==
== Ancestry ==
{{ahnentafel
<center>
|collapsed=yes |align=center
{| class="wikitable"
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|+'''García Álvarez de Toledo's ancestors in three generations'''
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|-
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|-
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''García Álvarez de Toledo<br>4th Marquis of Villafranca'''
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:'''<br />[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Marquis of Villafranca]]
|1='''García Álvarez de Toledo<br>4th Marquess of Villafranca'''
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba|Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Duke of Alba]]
|2=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquess of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Marquess of Villafranca]]
⚫
|3=María Osorio<br>Marchioness of Villafranca
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba|García Álvarez de Toledo<br>1st Duke of Alba]]
|4=[[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba|Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo<br>2nd Duke of Alba]]
|-
|5=Isabel de Zuñiga y Pimentel
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María Enriquéz
|6=Luís de Pimentel<br>1st Marquess of Villafranca
|-
|7=Juana Osorio y Bazán
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br />Isabel de Zuñiga y Pimentel
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Álvaro de Zuñiga, Duke of Plasencia|Álvaro de Zuñiga<br>Duke of Plasencia]]
|8=[[García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba|García Álvarez de Toledo<br>1st Duke of Alba]]
|9=María Enriquez
|-
|10=Álvaro de Zuñiga<br>Duke of Plasencia
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />Leonor de Pimentel
|11=Leonor de Pimentel
|-
|12=Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel<br>Duke of Benavente
⚫
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:'''<br />María Osorio<br>Marchioness of Villafranca
|13=María Pacheco
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Luis de Pimentel, 1st Marquis of Villafranca|Luís de Pimentel<br>1st Marquis of Villafranca]]
|14=Pedro Álvarez Osorio<br>Count of Lemos
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel|Rodrigo Alonso de Pimentel<br>Duke of Benavente]]
|15=María de Bazán
|-
⚫
}}
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María Pacheco

|-
==References==
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Juana de Osorio y Bazán]]
{{Reflist}}
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Pedro Álvarez de Osorio|Pedro Álvarez de Osorio<br>Count of Lemos]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />María de Bazán
|}
</center>


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pedro Afán de Ribera, 1st Duke of Alcalá|The Duke of Alcalá]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pedro Afán de Ribera|The Duke of Alcalá]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]]|years=1558-1564}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish viceroys of Catalonia|Viceroy of Catalonia]]|years=1558–1564}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1st Duke of Francavilla|The Duke of Francavilla]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y de la Cerda|The Duke of Francavilla]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli|The Duke of Medinaceli]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli|The Duke of Medinaceli]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]]|years=1564-1566}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of viceroys of Sicily|Viceroy of Sicily]]|years=1564–1566}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia|The Duke of Terranova]]}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fadrique de Toledo, 3rd Marquis of Villafranca|Fadrique de Toledo]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fadrique de Toledo Osorio, 3rd Marquis of Villafranca|Fadrique de Toledo Osorio]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Marquis of Villafranca|Marquis of<br>Villafranca del Bierzo]]|years=1554-1577}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Marquis of Villafranca|Marquess of<br>Villafranca del Bierzo]]|years=1554–1577}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo]]}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro de Toledo Osorio]]}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Fernandina|Duke of Fernandina]]|years=1568-1577}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Fernandina|Duke of Fernandina]]|years=1568–1577}}
{{s-reg|it}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Montalbán]]|years=1568-1577}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca|Pedro Álvarez de Toledo]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Spanish Empire}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{Authority control}}
| NAME = Alvarez De Toledo, Garcia

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Spanish noble and admiral
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 29, 1514
| PLACE OF BIRTH = El Bierzo
| DATE OF DEATH = May 31, 1577
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez De Toledo, Garcia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez De Toledo, Garcia}}
[[Category:1514 births]]
[[Category:1514 births]]
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[[Category:Álvarez de Toledo family|Garcia]]
[[Category:Álvarez de Toledo family|Garcia]]
[[Category:Dukes of Fernandina|101]]
[[Category:Dukes of Fernandina|101]]
[[Category:Italian nobility]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Spain]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish politicians]]
[[Category:Spanish politicians]]
[[Category:Spanish military personnel]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish military personnel]]
[[Category:Spanish admirals]]
[[Category:Spanish admirals]]
[[Category:Spanish diplomats]]
[[Category:Spanish diplomats]]

Latest revision as of 07:49, 1 May 2023

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Álvarez de Toledo and the second or maternal family name is Osorio.
The Siege of Malta - Flight of the Ottomans by Matteo Perez d'Aleccio, showing Don García's relief force battling the retreating Ottomans.

García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquess of Villafranca del Bierzo (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician.

Biography[edit]

He was born at Villafranca del Bierzo, the son of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Maquesss of Villafranca, Viceroy of Naples between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The famous Duke of Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, was his first cousin. Among his many siblings was Eleonora of Toledo, wife of Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

He started his military career under the command of Andrea Doria in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of six galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of La Goletta, Tunis, Algiers, Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of Naples.

He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and Capitán General del Mar, a title he received in 1544 after having fought Hayreddin Barbarossa. He was Viceroy of Catalonia between 1558 and 1564. He then became Colonel General of the Infantry of the Kingdom of Naples and finally, between 1564 and 1566, Viceroy of Sicily.

As Viceroy of Sicily he accomplished his two greatest achievements: the conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera in 1564, and the relief of the Siege of Malta (1565). For this he received from King Philip II of Spain the titles Duke of Fernandina and Prince of Montalbán on 24 December 1569. He died at Naples in 1577.

Marriage and children[edit]

In 1552,[1] in Naples, the Duke married Donna Vittoria Colonna, the daughter of Don Ascanio Colonna, 2nd Duke of Paliano, and Giovanna d'Aragona and the niece of famed poet and diplomat Vittoria Colonna, with whom she shares a name. They had six children:

He also had two illegitimate children:

  • Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Señor de Gaipuli;
  • Delia de Toledo, a Carmelite nun.

Ancestry[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Crews, Daniel A. (2008-10-22). Twilight of the Renaissance: The Life of Juan de Valdes. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442692978.
Government offices
Preceded by Viceroy of Catalonia
1558–1564 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Viceroy of Sicily
1564–1566 		Succeeded by
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Marquess of
Villafranca del Bierzo
1554–1577 		Succeeded by
New title Duke of Fernandina
1568–1577
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=García_Álvarez_de_Toledo_y_Osorio&oldid=1152609400"