Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. It is the capital of the Bundesland Hesse. Wiesbaden has 267,000 inhabitants.

History

Vestiges of first settlements could be dated back to the neolithic. Continuous occupancy begins with the errection of a roman fort in the year 6 A.D. The thermal springs of Wiesbaden were first mentioned in Pliny the Younger's Naturalis historia. The roman settlement is first mentioned by the name Aquae Mattiacorum in 121. This name references to the Chattian tribe of the Mattiaker who were living in this area.

The Alamanni invaded the fort in the year 259/260. Later, in the 370s, when Romans and Alamanni were allied, the Alamanni took over control of the Wiesbaden-area and had to defend it against the Germans.

During the 6th century the Franks replaced the Alamanni. In the 8th century the Franks build a royal yard (Königshof, curtis regia). Somewhen between 828 and 830, Einhard mentions wisabada. This is the first time that the name Wiesbaden is used.

In the 1170s the Dukes of Nassau receive the area around Wiesbaden as fiefdom. They governed until in 1242 the archbishop conquered Wiesbaden and burned it down. Wiesbaden returns to the house of Nassau in 1270. In 1329 the house of Nassau and thereby Wiesbaden receive the right of coinage from Louis the Bavarian.

Due to peasant risings Wiesbaden lost all its privileges in 1525 for over fourty years. During this time, Wiesbaden builds a new vineyard in 1526, becomes protestantic with the nomination of Wolf Denthener as first lutheran priest on January 1, 1543. The same day the first latin school was opened, preparing pupils for the gymnasium in Idstein. 1566 the privileges of the city are restored.

The oldest building of the town, the Old City Hall, was built from 1609-1610. No older buildings are preserved due to two fires in 1547 and 1561.

Spa

Wiesbaden is famous for its thermal sources and its spa. The thermal sources where first utilised by the Romans. Bathing buisiness became important for Wiesbaden beginning in the end of the middle age. In 1370, 16 bathhouses were reported. In 1800, there are 2,239 inhabitants and 23 bathhouses. Famuous people visited spas in Wiesbaden, under them Goethe in 1814, when there were 4,200 inhabitants and 6,300 visitors; Dostoevsky and Richard Wagner or Johannes Brahms. In 1900 there were 86,100 inhabitants and 126,000 visitors. In those years there were living more millionaires living in Wiesbaden than in any other city in Germany.