Austrian flax

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Austrian flax
Austrian flax (Linum austriacum)

Austrian flax ( Linum austriacum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Flax Family (Linaceae)
Genre : Flax ( linum )
Type : Austrian flax
Scientific name
Linum austriacum
L.

The Austrian flax or Austrian flax ( Linum austriacum ) is a member of the linaceae (Linaceae) that is scattered or rarely found in Central Europe on the colline and partly montane elevations .

Appearance

Austrian flax ( Linum austriacum )

The perennial herbaceous plant reaches a height of about 30 to 60 cm. It resembles the perennial flax ( Linum perenne ) in its appearance . The shoot is usually upright, rarely ascending and richly branched. The stem leaves are linear-lanceolate in shape and have no eyelashes. The sepals are egg-shaped and pretty much the same length. They are shorter than the spherical-egg-shaped capsule . The inner sepals are very obtuse. The inflorescence is a thyrsus , the partial inflorescences are formed as coils and multi-flowered. The petals are colored azure. The main differences to Linum perenne are the horizontally protruding to downwardly curved fruit stalks and the difference between the outer and inner sepals, which is only 0 to 0.3 mm in Linum austriacum , while it is 0.3 to 0.6 mm in Linum perenne are.

The flowers are usually only open in the morning. It blooms from May to July, sometimes until September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

distribution

Location requirements

Linum austriacum grows in dry summer grass and on dry railway embankments. It prefers stony and mostly calcareous substrates. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Cirsio-Brachypodion association, but also occurs in societies of the Dauco-Melilotion association.

General distribution

The original homeland of Linum austriacum is the Middle East. The Austrian flax was first recorded in Germany in 1860 from Thuringia. It was presumably anointed or brought in with seeds. Since then the species has been wild and spreading further. Today the Austrian flax occurs in the Middle East to Central and Southeast Europe. In Switzerland it is generally rare, but often occurring in advent . It is an east-sub-Mediterranean floral element.

Distribution in Austria

In Austria it occurs scattered in the Pannonian area , otherwise rarely (probably only naturalized) in the federal states of Burgenland , Vienna , Lower Austria and Carinthia (naturalized in Upper Austria , Styria , Salzburg and Tyrol ). The species is considered endangered.

Distribution in Germany

Linum austriacum is only found scattered or rarely in the central part of Germany. In addition, it is partly overgrown from culture and naturalized in places.

Historical use

Flax was used very early in ancient Egypt , initially the fiber was obtained from common flax ( Linum usitatissimum ), since 4000 BC. Austrian flax was increasingly used, which has been in use since at least 2500 BC. Was cultivated there.

Species protection

Endangerment in Germany: Category 3: endangered!

The species is particularly protected according to BArtSchV !

photos

  • Habitat

  • Flower and seed pods (top right)

  • Ripe capsule fruits

  • Opened capsule fruit with seeds

  • Seeds

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 632.
  2. ↑ Masoud Sheidai, Fatima Afsharb, Maryam Keshavarzib, Seyed-Mehdi Talebic, Zahra Noormohammadid, Tina Shafaf: Genetic diversity and genome size variability in Linum austriacum (Lineaceae) populations. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , Volume 57, 2014, pp. 20-26, doi : 10.1016 / j.bse.2014.07.014 .
  3. ^ Jun-suk Kang: A history of textiles in Egypt. Term paper, 2009.

Web links

Commons : Austrian flax ( Linum austriacum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files