Üechtland

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The cosmographer Sebastian Münster mentions in his Cosmographia in 1545 " the two stett friburg in Brisgoew / and friburg in Nuechtland ".
The landscape designation "Uchtland" on a map by Johann Baptist Homann from 1732.

The Üechtland (also written Üchtland or Uechtland ; formerly also Uchtland, Oechtland, Öchtland and Ouchtland as well as with the initial N (from in Üe. ) Nüechtland and Nüchtland ; French Nuitonie and Nuithonie, Italian Neuchtlandia,, Middle Latin Nuithonia ) is the name for one historical landscape in western Switzerland , in which the cities of Bern and Friborg are located.

The designation has recently been used as an addition to the name of the Swiss city of Freiburg to distinguish it from the German Freiburg im Breisgau .

origin of the name

The origin of “Üechtland” or “Nuitonie” is unclear. In Romance sources it appears for the first time in 1001/1003 as in Otolanda and 1001/1025 as in Otholanda, in Alemannic sources for the first time in 1082 as Ohtlannden . An older guess is that the antecedent of the name in Old High German  uohta  'go back and in the name associated at best, pasture', Dawn, dawn mean (see. Middle High German  uohte , originally addition, Dawn, dawn 'also Nachtweide', then generally, Pasture'). More recently, a Celtic origin is being considered, with a Celtic river name * Ōkta - perhaps for a section of the Saane - in the foreground. The explanatory approaches that Üechtland on wasteland (for 'meadow, grassland'), on the south adjoining landscape Ogo, in Gaulish * ouktia 'die heights' or * ōcht (i) ia- ' high are outdated or not tenable for linguistic reasons 'or can be traced back to the name of the former owners, the Herren zu Ösch ( Château-d'Oex ).

Üechtland, Nüechtland and Nuitonie are linguistically identical; the variants with an initial N go back to a wrong separation in the phrase in Üechtland or en Uitonie . A derivation of the French “Nuitonie” from the French nuiton “Wichtel” is not tenable. The western Swiss legends about the elf king Nuithon (also known as water spirit Niton, Nuton or Neton derived from the ancient water god Neptune ), who had buried his treasure in the river bed of the Sarine, are folk etymology explanations.

meaning

The area between the rivers Saane in the west and Aare in the east served from the 9th century as a border area between the predominantly Burgundian population west of the Saane and the majority Alemannic population east of the Aare. It was more heavily populated in the 12th century by the urban development of the Dukes of Zähringen , who opened up the Üechtland with Bern and Freiburg.

The name has been proven as a landscape designation from the Middle Ages , but no administrative unit has been assigned this designation. In the Middle Ages, the name referred to the geographical area from the foot of the Freiburg Alps via Freiburg, the Saane and Sense rivers to Lake Murten (historically Üechtsee ), and occasionally to Lake Biel and to Solothurn . The Üechtland was also referred to as the «lowlands of Freiburg».

Former use

In old documents, the city of Bern (Latinized Verona ) is called "Verona im Üechtland" to distinguish it from Verona in Italy, which in the German language also used to be called "Bern" or to distinguish it from Bern in Switzerland as " Welsch-Bern ”or“ Dietrichsbern ”was designated. This is why the term “Bern im Üechtland” was occasionally used.

Individual evidence

cards
  1. ↑ a b Homann, Johann Baptist (1732): Potentissimae Helvetiorum Reipublicae Cantones Tredecim , cum Foederatis et Subjectis Provinciis , map on a scale of ~ 1: 700,000 (on old maps of Switzerland , zumbo.ch)
  2. ↑ Münster, Sebastian (1561): Cosmographia , Von den Stetten und Lendern well-known Cloesters and spots in Helvetia on the side facing the Rhine nearer. , Map on a scale of ~ 1: 600,000 (on old maps of Switzerland, zumbo.ch)
  3. ↑ a b Merian, Matthäus (1680): Bern, the main town in Nüchtland , map on a scale of ~ 1: 5,000 (on old maps of Switzerland , zumbo.ch)
Reference works and literature
  1. ↑ a b c d e f Wulf Müller, Ernst Tremp: Üchtland. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  2. ↑ a b c Uechtland . In: Pierer's Universal Lexicon . ( zeno.org [accessed December 6, 2011]).
  3. ↑ a b c Uechtland. In: Herders Conversations-Lexikon. Freiburg im Breisgau 1857, Volume 5, p. 544 , accessed on December 6, 2011 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume I, Column 84, Article Üecht.
  5. ↑ a b Üchtland. In: Glossarium Helvetiae Historicum, ed. from the Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . Retrieved December 11, 2011 .
  6. ↑ a b c Wulf Müller: Le nom de région Üchtland (canton de Friborg / Suisse). In: Nouvelle Revue d'Onomastique. 54, 2012, pp. 237-246.
  7. ↑ Ucht. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 23 : U – Umzwingen - (XI, 2nd section). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1936, Sp. 714-715 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  8. ↑ Lexer, Matthias (1881), Middle High German Pocket Dictionary, Leipzig: Hirzel, keyword "uhte, uohte"
  9. ↑ -uchtland. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 23 : U – Umzwingen - (XI, 2nd section). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1936, Sp. 715 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  10. ↑ Albert Gatschet: Ortsetymologische research as contributions to a Toponomastik Switzerland. Bern 1867, p. 6.
  11. ↑ Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume VII, p. 107.
  12. ↑ René Neuenschwander: like From Nüechtland, Friborg and. An overview. In: Sprachspiegel 25 (1969), pp. 45-51 ( digitized version ).
  13. ^ Johann Ulrich Hubschmied : Three place names of Gallic origin: Ogo, Château d'Oex, Üechtland. In: Festschrift Albert Bachmann on his sixtieth birthday on November 12, 1923, dedicated by friends and students. Deutscher Sprachverein, Berlin 1924 ( Journal for German Dialects 19), pp. 169–198.
  14. ^ Paul Widmer: Üchtland viewed quite soberly. In: Freiburger Geschichtsblätter 80, 2003, pp. 173–177.
  15. ^ Article Lutin in the French language Wikipedia. Accessed December 13, 2011.
  16. ^ Gonzague de Reynold : Contes et legends de la Suisse héroïque. Nuithon et le trésor de la Sarine. Payot, Lausanne 1914.
  17. ^ Repertoire des immeubles et objets classés. Service des monuments et sites . In: Armand Brulhart, Erica Deuber-Pauli (ed.): Ville et canton de Genève . Éditions Georg, 1985, ISBN 2-8257-0126-2 .
  18. ↑ Switzerland. In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 18. Leipzig 1909. P. 182 , accessed on December 9, 2011 .
  19. ↑ Welsch-Bern. In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon, fifth edition, volume 2. Leipzig 1911. p. 969 , accessed on December 6, 2011 .
Trivial literature
  1. ^ A b Claude Longchamp : Why and for what do you say “Üchtland”? In: Stadtwanderer - history (s) from my living space (stadtwanderer.net), publisher: gfs.bern , June 25, 2007.

Coordinates: 46 ° 46 '15.2 "  N , 7 ° 10' 36.5"  E ; CH1903:  580000  /  180000