Château-d'Oex

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Château-d'Oex
Coat of arms of Château-d'Oex
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of VaudCanton of Vaud Vaud (VD)
District : Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut
BFS no. : 5841i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 1660
UN / LOCODE : CH CHO
Coordinates : 576 317  /  146968 coordinates: 46 ° 28 '25 "  N , 7 ° 7' 49"  O ; CH1903:  five hundred and seventy-six thousand three hundred seventeen  /  146968
Height : 958  m above sea level M.
Height range : 868-2547 m above sea level M.
Area : 113.66  km²
Residents: 3461 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 30 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.chateaudoex-admin.ch
Château-d'Oex

Château-d'Oex
Location of the municipality
Genfersee Lac de Bret Lac de Lussy Lac du Vernex Lac de l’Hongrin Lac Lioson Arnensee Frankreich Kanton Bern Kanton Freiburg Kanton Wallis Kanton Wallis Bezirk Aigle Bezirk Lavaux-Oron Blonay Chardonne VD Château-d’Oex Corseaux Corsier-sur-Vevey Jongny Montreux Rossinière Rougemont VD Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz La Tour-de-Peilz Vevey VeytauxMap of Château-d'Oex
About this picture
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Château-d'Oex (French [ʃɑtode] or [ʃɑtodɛ] , in the local Franco-Provençal [u tsaθi d ˈeː] ) is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the Swiss canton of Vaud . The former German name Ösch, Oesch is no longer used today.

geography

Château-d'Oex lies at 958  m above sea level. M. , 22 km east of the district capital Vevey (air line). The village extends in a valley widening of the Pays-d'Enhaut on a terrace on the Dorfbach, slightly elevated above the valley of the Saane ( French Sarine ), in the Vaudois Alps .

The area of ​​the 113.8 km² municipal area comprises a section of the Vaudois Alps and the central part of the Pays d'Enhaut. The area is traversed from east to west by the Saane, which forms a valley widening at Château-d'Oex, into which several small streams flow from the north and the Torneresse from the south . In the west the border runs in the area of ​​the valley of La Chaudanne . The basin of Château-d'Oex is bounded in the north by the mountain slopes of Pointe de Cray ( 2070  m above sea level ), Vanil Carré ( 2197  m above sea level ) and La Laitemaire ( 1678  m above sea level ). Northeast of the Laitemaire is the valley of Ciernes Picat (the Ruisseau des Ciernes Picat forms the border), whose western valley flank including Pointe de Paray ( 2375  m above sea level ) and Vanil Noir ( 2389  m above sea level ) is also still closed Château-d'Oex is owned.

The larger southern part of the municipality includes the entire catchment area of ​​the Torneresse with its side stream Eau Froide . Shortly before it flows into the Saane, the Torneresse forms a deep canyon. This valley is bordered in the east by Rocher du Midi ( 2097  m above sea level ), Gummfluh ( 2458  m above sea level ) and Wittenberghorn ( 2350  m above sea level ). The southern border runs on the mountain range between the Torneresse valley and the valley of Les Ormonts . On the Tarent is with 2548  m above sea level. M. reached the highest point of Château-d'Oex.

To the southwest, the municipality extends over the pass of La Lécherette and the Monts Chevreuils ( 1749  m above sea level ) into the valley of the Hongrin . This river is dammed up to the Lac de l'Hongrin , the northern part of which lies in the municipality of Château-d'Oex. In the extreme south-west the area extends to the heights of the Pointe d'Aveneyre, which is part of the Rochers de Naye mountain range . In 1997, 3% of the municipal area was in settlements, 34% in forests and woodland, 45% in agriculture and a little more than 18% was unproductive land.

Château-d'Oex includes numerous hamlets, holiday settlements, alpine settlements and individual farms, including:

  • La Frasse, 980  m above sea level M. , on the western outskirts of Château-d'Oex
  • Les Moulins, 890  m above sea level M. , in the valley of the Torneresse shortly before its confluence with the Saane
  • Le Monteiller, 915  m above sea level M. , above Les Moulins
  • Le Pré, 891  m above sea level M. , on the right bank of the Saane
  • Granges-d'Oex, 942  m above sea level M. , south of the Saane across from Château-d'Oex at the foot of the Rocher du Midi
  • Les Granges, 1000  m above sea level M. , on the southern slope of the Laitemaire, east of the village
  • Le Mont, 1097  m above sea level M. , on the southern slope of the Laitemaire, above the village
  • Les Combes, 994  m above sea level M. , on the southern slope of the Laitemaire
  • Gérignoz, 959  m above sea level M. , south of the Saane on the mountain stream Gérine
  • L'Etivaz , 1140  m above sea level M. , in the valley of the Torneresse on the ascent to the Col des Mosses
  • La Lécherette, 1379  m above sea level M. , on the pass between the valleys of Hongrin and Torneresse, a little north of the Col des Mosses

Neighboring communities of Château-d'Oex are Ormont-Dessus , Ormont-Dessous , Villeneuve , Rossinière and Rougemont in the canton of Vaud, Haut-Intyamon , Grandvillard and Charmey in the canton of Friborg and Saanen and Gsteig near Gstaad in the canton of Bern .

Climate table

Château-d'Oex, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
100
 
2
-6
 
 
88
 
4th
-6
 
 
98
 
8th
-3
 
 
91
 
11
0
 
 
124
 
16
5
 
 
138
 
19th
8th
 
 
139
 
22nd
10
 
 
145
 
21st
10
 
 
111
 
17th
7th
 
 
105
 
13
3
 
 
99
 
6th
-2
 
 
116
 
2
-5
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Château-d'Oex, 1981-2010
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.9 3.6 7.5 11.3 16.1 19.4 21.9 21.3 17.1 12.9 6.2 2.4 O 11.8
Min. Temperature (° C) −6.3 −6.0 −2.6 0.4 4.8 7.9 9.9 9.7 6.6 3.3 −1.7 −4.8 O 1.8
Temperature (° C) −2.5 −1.7 1.9 5.5 10.0 13.1 15.2 14.7 11.1 7.3 1.7 −1.5 O 6.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 100 88 98 91 124 138 139 145 111 105 99 116 Σ 1,354
Rainy days ( d ) 11.0 9.8 11.7 11.2 13.9 13.1 12.1 12.1 10.2 10.6 10.6 11.5 Σ 137.8
Humidity ( % ) 81 78 75 74 75 73 71 73 78 80 83 83 O 77
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.9
−6.3
3.6
−6.0
7.5
−2.6
11.3
0.4
16.1
4.8
19.4
7.9
21.9
9.9
21.3
9.7
17.1
6.6
12.9
3.3
6.2
−1.7
2.4
−4.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		100
88
98
91
124
138
139
145
111
105
99
116
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

population

With 3461 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018), Château-d'Oex is one of the medium-sized municipalities in the canton of Vaud. 88.5% of the residents are French-speaking, 3.6% German-speaking and 2.4% English-speaking (as of 2000). The population of Château-d'Oex increased sharply, especially in the second half of the 19th century. After the population had increased further to 3840 by 1930, a decrease of more than 25% was recorded by 1980 due to strong emigration. Since then a slight population growth has been recorded again.

Population development
year 1803 1850 1900 1930 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Residents 2001 2054 3025 3840 3381 3378 3203 2872 3110 2949

economy

Until the beginning of the 20th century, Château-d'Oex was a predominantly agricultural village. In the past, cheese production and animal husbandry (Simmental breed) were of particular importance. Because the valley was ravaged by cattle epidemics several times during the 19th century, the community forbade the passage of foreign herds. The development into a holiday resort began around 1900.

Even today, the dairy industry with cheese production and cattle breeding play an important role in the income structure of the population. The community has extensive alpine pastures for grazing livestock. The forests of the Pays-d'Enhaut are used for forestry . Further jobs are available in local small businesses and in the service sector. In addition to everyday goods, the industry is strongly geared towards tourism. There are also several sawmills, gravel mining and local handicrafts (paper cutting, coppersmiths, cooper).

Château-d'Oex also has a district hospital, which was established in 1926 in place of the old infirmary. In 1979 the hospital was expanded with solar heating and a retirement and nursing home was added. In Château-d'Oex there is also a district school with a Progymnasium .

tourism

Locality

The first tourists came to Château-d'Oex at the end of the 19th century. The real economic upswing began with the opening of the Montreux-Berner-Oberland Railway in 1904. This gave Château-d'Oex a direct connection with the Montreux tourist center . As a result, Château-d'Oex became a major tourist destination and numerous hotels and holiday apartments were built. The upswing is also reflected in the significant increase in population of the municipality during this period.

From the 1930s onwards, tourism began to decline as a result of the global economic crisis and the outdated hotel industry. With the development of new ski areas and the restoration of the existing as well as the construction of new hotels, Château-d'Oex found the connection again since the 1950s.

Today, Château-d'Oex is a modern tourist town, geared towards both summer and winter tourism. There is a cable car (two sections) to a lookout point on the western flank of the Rocher du Midi. The Alpine landscape around Château-d'Oex is ideal for long summer hikes. During the winter, ski lifts are in operation on the northern slopes of Rocher du Midi and Monts Chevreuils, as well as at La Lécherette. The area of ​​La Lécherette is linked to the large ski area of Les Mosses .

Château-d'Oex has several tourist attractions to offer. Since 1979, with the annual international hot air balloon week, it has developed into a mecca for balloonists. From here, Bertrand Piccard started his non-stop balloon flight around the earth in March 1999 with the Breitling Orbiter III balloon. Passenger flights are also offered throughout the year if the weather conditions are favorable. The local history museum Musée du Vieux Pays-d'Enhaut has been located in the village since 1922, which shows, among other things, a collection of paper cutouts.

traffic

The community has good transport connections. It is located on the main road 11, which leads from Aigle via the Col des Mosses , Château-d'Oex and Saanen pass to Zweisimmen in the Bernese Oberland. However, the main access is from Bulle in Freiburg .

On August 19, 1904, the Montbovon-Château-d'Oex section of the Montreux – Berner Oberland Railway (MOB), (French: Chemin de fer Montreux-Oberland bernois), opened. Only a few months later, on December 20, 1904, the eastern continuation to Gstaad was inaugurated . A bus line, which operates the route from Château-d'Oex to the Col des Mosses, ensures the fine distribution of public transport.

history

House in the center of Château-d'Oex

An abri near Château-d'Oex was already settled at least seasonally in the late Paleolithic . Some traces have also been found from the Bronze Age . Since Roman times , the valley has been extremely thin due to its barren soil and the lack of iron deposits, but probably not populated at all.

In the 10th century, the Counts of Gruyères conquered the Pays-d'Enhaut and with it the settlement of Château-d'Oex. This is first mentioned in a document in 1040 under the name Castrum in Ogo . Other early examples are ecclesie de Oiz (1115), Vido de Oit (1177), curatus de Oez (1185), castrum Doyz (1289), castellanum de Oye (1395) or, for the first time in German, ze Oesz (1397). Middle Latin castrum, castellum stands in place names for a castle, a permanent house, ruins or certain terrain formations; Oex probably goes back to either the Celtic * oukso-, uxo-, uxso- "high" or a personal name that can no longer be specified.

Under the Counts of Gruyères, Château-d'Oex and Rossinière formed a Kastlanei since the 11th century. The castle was on the hill on which the church stands today. It was destroyed in armed conflicts in the 14th century. In 1403, the residents of Château-d'Oex signed a castle rights treaty with Bern against the resistance of the Counts of Gruyères and were subsequently able to take part in the war campaigns of Bern. The area remained under the sovereignty of Gruyères.

When the last Count of Gruyères went bankrupt in 1554, his creditors, the Bern and Friborg estates, divided the estate between them. This led to the division of the upper Saan Valley: the Pays-d'Enhaut and the Saanenland came to Bern, while Freiburg took control of the Gruyère region. Bern set up the Saanen Bailiwick in its area in 1555 and immediately implemented the Reformation there .

When the Ancien Régime collapsed , the valley population initially remained loyal. The French-speaking part of the former bailiwick of Saanen was incorporated into the canton of Léman with the Helvetic constitution in 1798 , which became part of the canton of Vaud in 1803 when the mediation constitution came into force . The Pays-d'Enhaut was raised to a district in 1803, the capital of which was Château-d'Oex.

The village of Château-d'Oex fell victim to major fires in 1664, 1741 and 1800. The earlier wooden houses were rebuilt from stone after the fire of 1800. In the second half of the 19th century, Château-d'Oex was discovered by English tourists and then experienced an economic boom as a tourist destination.

Since 2012, the community has been part of the Parc naturel régional Gruyère Pays-d'Enhaut .

Attractions

Saint Donat Church
The Pont Turrian

The Reformed Church of Saint-Donat stands on an isolated hill south of the village. It was built in the 14th century on the site of the former castle, with the fortress tower being converted into a bell tower. The church was largely destroyed in the fire of 1800. Today only the Gothic choir and the masonry of the tower remain from the original church . The church in the district of L'Etivaz was built in 1589 instead of a previous building from the 15th century.

The old town center at the foot of the church hill shows buildings from the early 19th century that are characteristic of the Pays-d'Enhaut. Otherwise the townscape is mainly characterized by hotels and chalet buildings. The parish hall was built in 1912 and restored in 1958. The Catholic Church dates from 1936.

The pedestrian suspension bridge Pont Turrian has spanned the Saane south of the village since 1883 .

Personalities

Victor Desarzens was born here in 1908 . He was a violinist and conductor and founded the Orchester de Chambre de Lausanne in 1942 . He is one of the great pioneers of Swiss musical life in the 20th century.

In 1983 the actor David Niven died of ALS here . Philippe-Sirice Bridel , a Swiss author, local researcher and clergyman, was a pastor in the village for many years.

literature

Web links

Commons : Château-d'Oex  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld 2005, p. 234.
  3. ↑ Climate table. In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on August 6, 2018 .
  4. ↑ International balloon festival . International Balloon Festival website.