Johann Ulrich Hubschmied

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Johann Ulrich Hubschmied (born February 4, 1881 in Rüschegg ; † May 14, 1966 in Küsnacht ; citizen of Madiswil , from 1935 of Küsnacht) was a Swiss Romance philologist and place name researcher .

The spelling of the last name changes within the family between Hubschmid and Hubschmied . The father Johann Hubschmid spelled himself with "i", the son Johann Ulrich Hubschmied with "ie" and the grandson Johannes Hubschmid with "i". The spelling with "i" is common in Switzerland for both the family name "Schmid" and the family name "Hubschmid".

Life

Hubschmied, son of a pastor from Oberaargau , but working in Schwarzenburg , was first taught by his father at home, then at the local village school, and from 1896 he attended high school in the city of Bern . After passing his Matura, he studied first at the University of Zurich and later at the University of Bern Romance and German language and literature ; his most important teachers were Heinrich Morf , Louis Gauchat and Samuel Singer ; There were also semesters abroad in Florence with Ernesto Parodi and in Paris with Jules Gilliéron and Mario Roques . Back in Bern, he received the grammar school teacher diploma for French, Italian and Latin in 1904. He completed his dissertation on the formation of the imperfect tense in Franco-Provençal in 1907; a completely revised version was printed in 1914.

Hubschmied first worked briefly at the Zurich Central Library and then - as the successor to Heinrich Bruppacher - from 1906 as an editor at the Swiss Idiotikon , the dictionary of the Swiss German language. Since there are numerous interferences between the Romance and German dialects of Switzerland, the Idiotikon particularly valued his knowledge of the western Swiss patois . Hubschmied, however, left the position again in 1909 because his part-time job as a teacher was better paid than that of the editor, but remained with the Idiotikon editorial team as a person to provide information on Romance issues. His successor at the dictionary was the future Indologist Emil Abegg .

In 1911 Hubschmied became a full-time teacher of French, German and Latin at the Zurich teachers' seminar in Küsnacht, and from 1923 to 1949 he worked as a French and Italian teacher at the Cantonal School in Zurich. During this time he worked his way into the Celtic languages and began to publish about place names . Through the mediation of his college friend Jakob Jud , he received a regular one-hour teaching assignment for place names at the University of Zurich in 1931, and in 1944/45 he qualified as a private lecturer at Jud's suggestion . His inaugural lecture on gods and demons in river names was accepted as a habilitation thesis. From 1947 to 1952 Hubschmied finally worked as adjunct professor .

Johann Ulrich Hubschmied was married to Hedwig Bünzli (1878–1962). Her son Johannes Hubschmid (1916–1995) became professor of Romance philology in Heidelberg.

Creation and classification in the history of science

In addition to his work as a teacher, Johann Ulrich Hubschmied published around a hundred articles in the field of Romance , Gallic , Illyrian and, most recently, Etruscan languages. His endeavor was to open up the thinking and imagination of the pre- Alemannic inhabitants of Switzerland through the interpretation of place names . He was convinced that Celtic and Etruscan would have lived on in the Alps for a long time, even during the Roman period.

Hubschmied was "often admired, often attacked" during his lifetime. His rejection of the strictly scientific and rationalistic approach, which he denigrated as " young grammar ", brought him into opposition to the then leading Indo-European and Romanists such as Julius Pokorny , Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke , Ernst Gamillscheg and Jakob Jud .

The Etruscan base, to which he wanted to trace numerous Rhaeto-Romanic place names, was rejected by Andrea Schorta , the editor of the Rhaetian name book and doyen of Graubünden name research. His mythological thinking was also contradicted: It is undisputed that the river name Kander goes back to pre-Roman * kando- «white», but instead of simply considering the whitish color of the water as eponymous, Hubschmied concluded that there was a river goddess named Kandarâ «the white », Which was venerated by the inhabitants of the valley at the time. Today's research no longer traces many German-Swiss place names back to the Celtic, as Hubschmied did, but to the Alemannic and thus assigns them to a much younger era.

From today's perspective, Hubschmied's importance lies primarily in the fact that he was one of the most important pioneers of Swiss place-name research.

Publications (selection)

  • Collaboration on Volume VI of the Swiss Idiotikon .
  • For the formation of the imperfect tense in Franco Provençal. The v-less forms. With studies on the importance of sentence phonetics for the development of verbal forms. Diss. Univ. Bern. Niemeyer, Halle a. P. 1914.
  • Linguistic evidence of the late extinction of the Gallic. In: Vox Romanica 3, 1938, pp. 48-155.
  • About place names of the office Burgdorf and the communities Bätterkinden and Utzenstorf. In: Heimatbuch Burgdorf, Vol. II. Langlois, Burgdorf 1938, pp. 711–750.
  • About the place names of the Frutigen office. Frutigen 1940.
  • About place names of the Thun office. In: The Office of Thun. Eine Heimatkunde, Vol. I. Schaer, Thun 1944, pp. 169–196.
  • Designations of gods and demons as river names. Inaugural address, delivered on December 1, 1945. Haupt, Bern 1947.

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Web links

proof

  1. ↑ Report to the h. federal Department of the Interior and to the h. Governments of the subsidizing cantons on the progress of work on the Swiss-German Idiotikon during 1906, p. 3 f.
  2. ↑ Report to the h. federal Department of the Interior and to the h. Governments of the subsidizing cantons on the progress of work on the Swiss German Idioticon during 1909, p. 1 f.
  3. ^ Konrad Huber: Johann Ulrich Hubschmied. February 4, 1881 - May 13, 1966. In: Vox Romanica 25, 1966, p. 191.
  4. ^ Johannes Hubschmid: Johan [sic] Ulrich Hubschmied. In: Onoma 11, 1964/65, p. 323.
  5. ^ Johannes Hubschmid: Johan [sic] Ulrich Hubschmied. In: Onoma 11, 1964/65, p. 322 f.
  6. ^ Paul Zinsli: JU Hubschmied. In: Onoma 8, 1958/59, p. 360. - Another example of a dubious mythological interpretation is that of the Limmat river as a “great Lindwurm”; see Limmat # origin of the name .
  7. ↑ Compare the lexicon of Swiss commune names and the cantonal place name books.
  8. ^ Konrad Huber: Johann Ulrich Hubschmied. February 4, 1881 to May 13, 1966. In: Vox Romanica 25, 1966, p. 192.
personal data
SURNAME Hubschmied, Johann Ulrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hubschmid, Johann Ulrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Romance studies and onomastics
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Rüschegg
DATE OF DEATH May 14, 1966
Place of death Küsnacht ZH