Section fortification Michelsberg

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Section fortification Michelsberg
Section fortification Michelsberg (near Burghausen-Münnerstadt)

Section fortification Michelsberg (near Burghausen-Münnerstadt)

Alternative name (s): Grapfeldonoburg
Creation time : 6th to 7th centuries
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Burgstall, ramparts and moats
Place: Münnerstadt - Burghausen - "Michelsberg"
Geographical location 50 ° 15 '14 "  N , 10 ° 9' 45"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 15 '14 "  N , 10 ° 9' 45"  E
Height: 399  m above sea level NN
Section fortification Michelsberg (Bavaria)
Section fortification Michelsberg
Michelsberg near Münnerstadt

The section fortification Michelsberg , also called Grapfeldonoburg , is a prehistoric and early medieval section fortification on the Michelsberg near Burghausen , a current district of Münnerstadt in the Bad Kissingen district in Bavaria .

The hilltop castle , of which ramparts and moats are still preserved, was built as a refuge between the 6th and 7th centuries and mentioned in 812.

description

The Michelsberg rises as a spur of a shell limestone plateau, protruding to the north, between the two Munich districts of Burghausen and Reichenbach . With its steep slopes in the west, north and east, it towers over the valley of the Reichenbach brook by about 100 m. The section wall that once protected the transition to the plateau (approx. 100 m long, 4 m wide and up to 1.5 m high) can only be seen as the edge of the terrace (see picture above right). There is a shallow ditch in front of it. The west, north and east slopes are partly artificially divided, the remains of a ditch can still be seen here and there. A wall-ditch system surrounding the plateau can be assumed.

At the highest point of the plateau rises the ruins of the Michels chapel . This and the associated cemetery are located in another, probably collapsed wall, which is supposed to have a herringbone masonry inside (see picture below right). The time of this wall is not known.

Dating

When walls were first built on Michelsberg cannot be clearly defined. The last expansion phase of the ramparts, however, was likely to have been laid out in the early Middle Ages as a late Merovingian or Carolingian / Ottonian fortification. Even if there are readings that date back to the 2nd millennium BC. Until the 8th / 9th Century AD, this does not indicate a continuous settlement.

Grapfeldonoburg or not?

The Grapfeldonoburg is often seen in the ramparts . Unfortunately, nothing is known about this castle, which is only mentioned in a traditional document. The text of this certificate reads:

"Ego in dei nomine Sigiram dono atque trado ad monasterium quod dicitur Fulda ubi preciosus Christi martyr Bonifatius sacro requiescit corpore quicquid pater meus Saluram atque mater mea Umma propriae hereditatis uisi sunt habere excepto uno prato in oriento uno prato parti di parti in loco Grapfelde in pago Grapfelde in loco Grapfelde burgi ea uidelicet ratione ut a die presente uos uel successores uestri firmam et incontradictam habeatis potestatem, facta karta in monasterio Fulda XVIII. kalendas ianuarias regni serenissimi imperatoris Karoli anno XLV. † signed. Sigirammes qui hancuradis † pres † signed Grimoltes † signed Cancures † signed Ernustes † Hagunen † signed Luoten † Heriboten † Arnhelmes. "

"In the name of God I, Sigiram, give and hand over everything that my father Saluram and also my mother Umma saw as their own inheritance to the monastery called Fulda, where the body of the precious martyr of Christ, St. Boniface lies , with the exception of a meadow in the Grapfeld-Gau, in the place called Munirichesstat [= Münnerstadt], in the eastern part of the Grapfeldono Castle, for the reason that from today on you or your successors will have permanent and irrevocable authority The certificate was drawn up in the Fulda monastery on the 18th calendar of January, in the 45th year of the reign of the serenissimi emperor Karl [= December 15, 812]. † Signum of Sigiram, who requested this deed of gift † from the priest Rudhart † Signum of Hadurich † Signum of Grimolt † Signum of Cancur † Signum of Ernst † Signum of Hagen † Signum of Luot † Signum of Heribot † Signum of Arnhelm "

Localization

There were two localization suggestions for the Grapfeldonoburg named in the document. While Nikolaus Reininger would like to locate it at the place of the Hennebergische Burg in Münnerstadt , the opinion is far more often represented that the Grapfeldonoburg can be seen in the fortifications on the Michelsberg. The main argument against the localization in Münnerstadt is that Munirichesstat, mentioned in the document, was northwest of the medieval city. Since the certificate can only safely state that the Grapfeldonoburg must have been in the vicinity of Münnerstadt, the location on the Michelsberg is also not certain. For this reason, Stefan Gerlach offers other ridges within a radius of up to 3 km from Münnerstadt, also fortified with wall-ditch systems, as possible candidates ( Windsburg near Münnerstadt and Kleiner Höhberg near Burglauer ) for the Grapfeldonoburg . However, the Kleine Höhberg is north of Münnerstadt, which is why there is a discrepancy between it and the location in the eastern part of Grabfeldono Castle in the document , which is why only the Windsburg remains as an alternative to the Michelsberg section fortification for Grabfeldono Castle .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerlach 2000, p. 35
  2. ↑ As M. Nöth noted, the area enclosed by the wall roughly corresponds to that of the core of the late medieval Old Castle near Kleinwallstadt . It would therefore be quite conceivable to see a fortification in front of the church in the wall. This could have been a small fortress or even a ruler's seat (?), Surrounded by a defense system that consisted of a wall base and - hypothetically - a wooden structure.
  3. ↑ Ernst Friedrich Johann Dronke, Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis , Cassel 1850, p. 138 no. 275
  4. ^ Translation: M. Nöth
  5. ↑ Nikolaus Reininger, Münnerstadt and its immediate surroundings: presented according to the oldest archival news, especially in terms of his church, religious and school circumstances; with 40 documents and a lithographed floor plan of the parish church together with the 3 oldest city coats of arms (Würzburg 1852), p. 14
  6. ↑ For example K. Rübel, Die Franken, Ihr Eroberungs- und Siedlungssystem im Deutschen Volkslande (Bielefeld 1904), p. 327
  7. ↑ The so-called old town mill existed there until the local grammar school was built . Current archaeological excavations in the area give hope for further knowledge about this old town .
  8. ↑ Gerlach 2000, p. 36