Noirmoutier Abbey
The Abbey Noirmoutier was a convent of Benedictine on the island of Noirmoutier , the 676 of Philibert of Jumièges was founded.
history
Philibert had founded the Jumièges Abbey , but had come into conflict with the Neustrian caretaker Ebroin and had to leave Jumièges. He went to Ansoald, Bishop of Poitiers , whom he supported in the evangelization of his diocese, before he retired with some monks from Jumièges to the island of Her (Latin: Herus insula ), today Noirmoutier. On July 1, 677, he received Ansoald's Villa Dias, which later became Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu , and other property with which he could promote the development of his new abbey (Latin: Dias Monasterium ). Philibert died in 684 and his grave soon became a destination for pilgrims in the region.
The name Her became Hermoutier and later Noirmoutier ("Black Minster") after the black color of the monks' habit . The community lived among other things from the management of the salt pans and agriculture, and also traded with the mainland via a small port. The abbey flourished until it was destroyed by the Saracens in 732 .
Noirmoutier Abbey was restored in 804 by Louis the Pious as King of Aquitaine , and between 814 and 819 it was plundered several times by the Normans , while Adalhard, banished by Ludwig, was a monk here. After receiving permission from Louis in 819 to divert the Boulogne river , the monks built another abbey in Déas on the banks of the Lac de Grand-Lieu, where they stayed in the summers, i.e. the season of the Norman raids . Noirmoutier was sacked again in 824, 830 and 835 and finally burned down in 846. Thereafter, the island of Noirmoutier became the base of the Normans for their activities in the Loire area . On June 7th, 836 the monks had finally left the island with the permission of Emperor Ludwig and had relocated entirely to Déas, taking with them the relics of the monastery founder. Chased away again by the Normans in 857, they fled to the Cunault priory (858), then to Messay-en- Poitou . In 870 they were in Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule and from 873 in Tournus , where they finally settled and founded the Abbey of Saint-Philibert .
The monastery on Noirmoutier was not rebuilt and around the year 1000 it was degraded to a priory dependent on Saint-Philibert de Tournus. All that remains of the monastery is the crypt , parts of which also come from the founding phase of the abbey ( Monument historique since 1898). Above it stands the parish church of Noirmoutier-en-l'Île , whose choir and nave date from the end of the 11th century, while the side aisles date from the 14th and 16th centuries. The bell tower, which burned down in 1848, was rebuilt in 1875.
Around 1172 a community of Cistercians settled on the Île du Pilier, neighboring Noirmoutier. In 1205 they were given permission to move to the island of Noirmoutier. The monks built the Abbey of La Blanche in the north of the island , also named after the color of their habitats, which, under the control of the Bishop of Luçon , existed until the revolution in 1789.
literature
- Émile Mabille: Les Invasions normandes dans la Loire et les pérégrinations du corps de saint Martin . Henause, Paris 1869.
- Michel Dillange: Églises et abbayes romanes en Vendée . Laffitte, Marseille 1983, ISBN 2-86276-074-9 . P. 149 (also dissertation, University of Paris 1978).
- Guy Devailly: Noirmoutier . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1216.
- Thomas Dawning Kendrick: A History of the Vikings . Dover Publ., Mineola, NY 2004, ISBN 978-0-486-43396-7 (EA New York 1930)
- Ambroise Viaud-Grand-Marais (text), Jule Robuchon (photos): Petite histoire de l'île de Noirmoutier . Éditions Pyrémonde, Monein 2005, ISBN 978-2-84618-264-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Chronicon Engolismense , guyenne.fr
- ↑ Chronicon Engolismense , guyenne.fr
- ↑ Dillange, p. 149
- ↑ Kendrick
- ↑ a b Mabille
- ^ Viaud-Grand-Marais
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 0 ′ 1 ″ N , 2 ° 14 ′ 28 ″ W.