Acacia heterophylla

Acacia heterophylla
	Acacia heterophylla on Réunion
Systematics
Order :	Fabales (Fabales)
Family :	Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily :	Mimosa family (Mimosoideae)
Tribe :	Acacieae
Genre :	Acacia
Type :	Acacia heterophylla
Scientific name
	Acacia heterophylla
	( Lam. ) Willd.

Acacia heterophylla is a species of plant in the subfamily of the mimosa family (Mimosoideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). It is endemic to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean and is locally called Tamarin des Hauts , Mountain tamarind (inadmissibly translated directly into German " mountain tamarind ") tamarin de la Réunion , chêne de Bourbon .

description

Seedlings with pinnate leaves

Heterophylly: left with pinnate section, right curved phyllodium

Phyllodes and many head-shaped inflorescences

Phyllodes , legumes and seeds

Appearance and leaf

Acacia heterophylla grows as a shrub or small to medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 20, up to rarely 25 meters. The often short, crooked trunk reaches a diameter of up to 1.5, rarely up to 2 meters. The treetop is expansive.

There is heterophyllia . In young specimens, the alternate leaves are double-pinnate leaf blades with one to five pairs of first-order pinnacles, each with 7 to 14 pairs of 6 to 10, rarely up to 20 millimeters long, ovate-elongated leaflets . Middle-aged to adult specimens have a length of 6 to 16 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 1.5, rarely up to 2 centimeters, elliptical and usually slightly curved, leathery phyllodes with numerous longitudinal nerves .

Inflorescence and flower

On short shoots are lateral to several on 5 to 10 millimeter long inflorescence shafts head-shaped inflorescences in which 30 to 40 flowers sit. The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The 1 to 1.5 mm long cup-shaped calyx ends in five tiny calyx teeth. The five pale yellow, 2 to 2.5 millimeters long petals are fused to about half of their length. The numerous, free stamens are 3.5 to 4 millimeters long. The only seated, uppermost, silky hairy carpel is ellipsoid. The approximately 10 millimeter long stylus ends in a tubular scar .

Fruit and seeds

The bare, when ripe brown, relatively narrow and flattened legumes are elongated with a length of 6 to 11 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 1 centimeter and contain five to ten seeds. With a length of 6 to 7 millimeters, the seeds are oblong-ellipsoidal and laterally flattened.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 52, tetraploidy is present.

Occurrence

Acacia heterophylla is endemic to Réunion . It is uncertain whether it originally occurs in Mauritius . It is a neophyte in India and Madagascar .

Acacia heterophylla thrives in moist forests at altitudes of mostly 1000 to 1800 (800 to 2500) meters and is common locally. The annual precipitation should be at least 1500 mm and be evenly distributed over the year. There should be moderate temperatures between 11 and 17 ° C.

Systematics

The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Mimosa heterophylla by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck . Lamarck's name is invalid. The new combination to Acacia heterophylla (Lam.) Willd. was published by Carl Ludwig Willdenow . Synonyms for Acacia heterophylla (Lam.) Willd. are: Acacia brevipes A.Cunn. , Acacia xiphoclada Baker .

Acacia heterophylla section Plurinerves The of the Mascarene Islands native Acacia heterophylla is closely related to a native of Hawaii tetraploid ( Acacia koa , Acacia koaia and Acacia kaoaiensis ) and these are joined closest to the occurring in eastern Australia diploid species Acacia melanoxylon and Acacia implexa . The spread across the ocean is best explained by early human activity. According to Vassal (1969) and Pedley (1975), they were created by polyploids from an East Australian species.

use

The rose-yellow to orange-brown heartwood is clearly demarcated from the paler sapwood . The wood , which is easy to work with, is used both for cabinet making and as construction timber, especially for the production of wooden shingles . In the past, the wood was also used in boat building . It has a bulk density of around 600 kg per cubic meter with a wood moisture content of 12%. Small branches are used as firewood.

Acacia heterophylla is used as an avenue tree . It is a source of nectar for honey bees .

Wooden shingle made of "mountain tamarin"
Joiner's boards
Leftovers as firewood
Loading of logs

literature

Gillian K. Brown, Daniel J. Murphy, James Kidman, Pauline Y. Ladiges: Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal. In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 25, Issue 6, 2012, pp. 390-403. doi : 10.1071 / SB12027
Dominique Louppe: Prota 7, 1: Timbers / Bois d'œuvre 1: at PROTA.

Individual evidence

↑ T. Cadet, 1984: Plantes rare ou remarquables des Mascareignes.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Acacia heterophylla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Dominique Louppe: Prota 7, 1: Timbers / Bois d'œuvre 1: at PROTA.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dominique Louppe: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 7 (1): Timbers 1. Margraf, 2009, ISBN 978-3823615415 , pp. 24-25
^ ^A ^b Acacia heterophylla in A Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar .
↑ Book: Le Tamarin des Hauts et la forêt de Tamarins - ONF
↑ Acacia heterophylla. In: International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS). Retrieved on December 24, 2013 (English, entry at ILDIS , with data from 2005).
↑ Gillian K. Brown, Daniel J. Murphy, James Kidman, Pauline Y. Ladiges: Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal. In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 25, Issue 6, 2012, pp. 390-403. doi : 10.1071 / SB12027
↑ J. Coulaud, SC Brown, S. Siljak-Yakovlev: First cytogenetic investigation in populations of Acacia heterophylla, endemic from Reunion Iceland, with reference to A. melanoxylon. In: Annals of botany 75, 1995, pp. 96-100 ( online )
^ Eugène Jacob de Cordemoy, Flore de l'île de la Réunion, Paris, P. Klinsksieck, 1895

Web links

Commons : Acacia heterophylla - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Cadet-1] T. Cadet, 1984: Plantes rare ou remarquables des Mascareignes.

[GRIN-2] Acacia heterophylla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 15, 2014.

[PROTA-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Dominique Louppe: Prota 7, 1: Timbers / Bois d'œuvre 1: at PROTA.

[Louppe-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dominique Louppe: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 7 (1): Timbers 1. Margraf, 2009, ISBN 978-3823615415 , pp. 24-25

[FoM-5] A ^b Acacia heterophylla in A Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar .

[ONF-6] Book: Le Tamarin des Hauts et la forêt de Tamarins - ONF

[ILDIS-7] Acacia heterophylla. In: International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS). Retrieved on December 24, 2013 (English, entry at ILDIS , with data from 2005).

[Brown2012-8] Gillian K. Brown, Daniel J. Murphy, James Kidman, Pauline Y. Ladiges: Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal. In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 25, Issue 6, 2012, pp. 390-403. doi : 10.1071 / SB12027

[fci-9] J. Coulaud, SC Brown, S. Siljak-Yakovlev: First cytogenetic investigation in populations of Acacia heterophylla, endemic from Reunion Iceland, with reference to A. melanoxylon. In: Annals of botany 75, 1995, pp. 96-100 ( online )

[Cordemoy1895-10] Eugène Jacob de Cordemoy, Flore de l'île de la Réunion, Paris, P. Klinsksieck, 1895