Adolf of Morlot

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Karl Adolf von Morlot , also Adolph von Morlot , French Charles Adolphe Morlot , (born March 22, 1820 in Naples , † February 10, 1867 in Bern ) was a Swiss geologist and prehistoric . His contribution to the discovery of the Pleistocene Fennoscandian inland glaciation and evidence of the repeated glaciation of the Alps is significant . Often, as has only recently been recognized, he is mistakenly referred to as the originator of the name for the most recent period of earth's history , the Quaternary .

biography

Morlot was the son of a doctor from a long-established Bernese patrician family. He attended a private school and the secondary school in Bern and from 1838 studied geology and mathematics in Bern (with Bernhard Studer ), in Paris ( Collège Sainte-Barbe ) and from 1843 to 1844 at the Bergakademie Freiberg with Bernhard von Cotta . He then went to Vienna and attended mining courses with Wilhelm von Haidinger and Paul Partsch and then worked for the geological survey in Austria . From 1846 he was also the commissioner of the Geognostic and Mining Association of Inner Austria in Styria in Graz . In Vienna he was in contact with Friedrich Simony and was a friend of Franz von Hauer . He tried to be employed at the Geological Reichsanstalt founded in Vienna in 1849 , but was unsuccessful and returned to Switzerland.

From 1851 to 1853 he was professor of geology at the Lausanne Academy . From around 1860 he turned to archeology (prehistory), he also traveled to Denmark and was honored with the Danebrog Order for his services . From 1865 to 1867 he was the curator of the archaeological collections in Bern.

plant

During his studies in Freiberg, based on his experience with the Alpine glaciers, he confirmed the glacier cut marks discovered by Carl Friedrich Naumann in the spring of 1944 in the Hohburg Mountains as unmistakable evidence of inland glaciation that reached as far as the foothills of the Ore Mountains , and this also in the same year published. In the professional world, however, this went unnoticed. Lately some have even called him the discoverer of inland freezing.

During his time in Austria he was mainly engaged in geological mapping . He also worked on other geological topics, e.g. For example, he carried out experiments on the formation of dolomite and countered the dolomitization theory of Leopold von Buch with the thesis that dolomite was formed by the action of an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate on limestone .

In the 1850s he investigated the Quaternary strata sequences in the Rhone basin in western Switzerland , thus continuing the research of Karl Friedrich Schimper and Louis Agassiz . In 1836, Schimper had shown, among other things, on the basis of the glacier cuts of Le Landeron near Neuchâtel that the valley widening of the Swiss plateau was filled by the Rhone glacier during what he called the "Ice Age". In 1854 Morlot described a sequence of three "diluvial terraces" from the Lake Geneva area , with two moraine banks proving that the Rhone basin was filled twice by glaciers. One year later, however, he changed the name "Quarternary", which was probably introduced for this stratigraphic sequence, to the long-used term "Quaternary". The name "Quaternary" had already been used by Jules Desnoyers in 1829 and by the French Henri Reboul in 1833 (→ Quaternary research ). Nevertheless, he is sometimes still awarded the authorship today. However, it is also assumed that he saw it for the first time in close connection with the Cenozoic Ice Age .

Fonts

  • About the glaciers of the past and their meaning. Bern 1844
  • Explanations of the geological overview map of the northeastern Alps. Vienna 1847
  • About dolomite and its artificial representation from calcite. Vienna 1947
  • Geological map of the area around Leoben and Judenburg. Vienna 1848.
  • Explanations of the special geological map of Styria and Illyria. Vienna 1849.
  • Something about the geological conditions in northern Styria. Vienna 1850
  • About the traces of a fortified Roman ironworks in Wochein in Upper Carniola. Vienna 1850
  • About the geological conditions of Raibl. Vienna 1850
  • About the geological conditions of Radoboj in Croatia. Vienna 1850
  • About the geological conditions of Oberkrain. Vienna 1850
  • About erratic diluvium at Pitten. Vienna 1851
  • Notice sur le quarternaire en Suisse. Lausanne 1854
  • About the quaternary structures of the Rhone region. St. Gallen 1854
  • Quaternary formations of the Rhone region. Stuttgart 1855
  • Quaternary structures of the Rhône region. Stuttgart 1859
  • Across the Quaternary Mountains on Lake Geneva. Stuttgart 1860
  • Sur le terrain quartaire du bassin de Leman. Lausanne (Blanchard) 1861
  • General remarks on antiquity. Bern (Haller) 1859.
  • Etudes géologico-archéologiques en Denmark et en Suisse. In: Bulletins des séances de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Volume 6, Lausanne (Blanchard) 1861. pp. 259-328.
  • The gray antiquity. An introduction to the study of prehistoric times. Schwerin (bear jump) 1865.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Adolph von Morlot: About the glaciers of the prehistoric world and their meaning. Bern (Rätzer) 1844. pp. 1-18. [1]
  2. ↑ Lothar Eißmann: The foundation of the inland theory for Northern Germany by the Swiss ADOLPHE VON MORLOT in 1844. In: Treatises and reports of the natural history museum "Mauritianum" Altenburg. Volume 8 Issue 3. Altenburg 1974. pp. 289-318.
  3. ^ Lothar Eißmann, Ansgar Müller: commemorative excursion 150 years of inland theory in Saxony. River terraces, terminal moraines and glacier cuts in northwest Saxony (excursion B3). In: Altenburger scientific research. Issue 7 (DEUQUA conference in Leipzig 1994). Altenburg 1994. pp. 378-430.
  4. ^ Leopold von Buch: Geognostic letters to Mr. Alexander v. Humboldt over the southern Tyrol. Hanau (Campesches Orphanage) 1824. S. IV, 1–278. [2]
  5. ^ Karl Friedrich Schimper: About the Ice Age (excerpt from a letter to L. Agassiz). In: Actes de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles. 22nd session. Neuchâtel 1837. pp. 38–51. [3]
  6. ^ Louis Agassiz: Investigations into the glaciers. Solothurn 1841. S. XII, 1-327. [4]
  7. ↑ a b Adolph von Morlot: About the quarternary structures of the Rhone region. In: Negotiations of the general Swiss society on the entire natural sciences at their meeting in St. Gallen on July 24, 25 and 26, 1854. Volume 39. St. Gallen (Zollikofer) 1854, pp. 161–164. [5]
  8. ^ A b Adolph von Morlot: Quaternary structures of the Rhone area. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy and petrefactics. Born in 1855. Stuttgart (Schweizerbarth) 1855. pp. 719–721. [6]
  9. ↑ Jules Desnoyers: Observations sur un ensemble de dépôts marins plus recents que les terrains tertiaries du bassin de la Seine, et constituant une formation geologique distincte; precedees d'une aperçu de la non-simulaneite des bassins tertiares. In: Annales des sciences naturelles (Paris). Volume 16. Paris 1829. pp. 171-214, pp. 402-491.
  10. ^ Marianne Klemun: Questions of periodization and Adolphe von Morlot's contribution to the term and the concept Quarternär (1854) . In: RH Grapes, DH Oldroyd, A. Grigelis (Eds.): History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology (= Geological Society Special Publication 301). London 2008, pp. 19-32.
  11. ^ Adolph von Morlot: Explanations of the geological overview map of the northeastern Alps. Vienna (Braumüller and Seidel) 1847. pp. 1–208. [7]
  12. ^ Adolph von Morlot: About dolomite and its artificial representation from limestone. In: Scientific papers, collected and edited by subscription by Wilhelm Haidinger. 1st volume. Vienna (Braumüller and Seidel) 1847. pp. 305-315. [8th]
  13. ↑ Adolph von Morlot: Some about the geological conditions in northern Styria. In: Yearbook of the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 1st year. Vienna (Braumüller) 1850. pp. 99-124. [9]
  14. ↑ Adolph von Morlot: About the traces of a fortified Roman ironworks in Wochein in Oberkrain. In: Yearbook of the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 1st year. Vienna (Braumüller) 1850. pp. 199–212. [10]
  15. ↑ Adolph von Morlot: About the geological conditions of Raibl. In: Yearbook of the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 1st year. Vienna (Braumüller) 1850. pp. 255-267. [11]
  16. ^ Adolph von Morlot: About the geological conditions of Radoboj in Croatia. In: Yearbook of the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 1st year. Vienna (Braumüller) 1850. pp. 268-279. [12]
  17. ↑ Adolph von Morlot: About the geological conditions of Oberkrain. In: Yearbook of the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 1st year. Vienna (Braumüller) 1850. pp. 389-411. [13]
  18. ^ Adolph von Morlot: About erratic diluvium in Pitten. In: Scientific papers, collected and edited by subscription by Wilhelm Haidinger. 4th volume, 2nd division. Vienna (Braumüller) 1851. pp. 1-18. [14]
  19. ^ Adolph von Morlot: Notice sur le quarternaire en Suisse. In: Bulletins des séances de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Volume 4 Issue 32. Lausanne (Blanchard) 1854. pp. 41–45. [15]
  20. ^ Adolph von Morlot: Quaternary formations of the Rhône area. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. Born in 1859. Stuttgart (Schweizerbart) 1859. pp. 315–317. [16]
  21. ^ Adolph von Morlot: About the Quaternary Mountains on Lake Geneva. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. Born in 1860. Stuttgart (Schweizerbart) 1860. pp. 830–832. [17]
  22. ^ Adolph von Morlot: Sur le terrain quartaire du bassin de Leman. In: Bulletins des séances de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Volume 6 Issue 44. Lausanne (Blanchard) 1861. pp. 101-108. [18]
personal data
SURNAME Morlot, Adolf von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Morlot, Karl Adolf von (full name); Morlot, Adolph von; Morlot, Charles Adolphe (French)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss geologist and prehistorian
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1820
PLACE OF BIRTH Naples
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 1867
Place of death Bern