Aitrach (Danube)
| Aitrach | ||
 The bifurcation structure at Mühlegraben in summer. On the left, the water is fed to the Danube via the Aitrach ; on the right, it reaches the Rhine via Schleifebächle and Wutach . |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 11134 | |
| location |
Baden-Württemberg
|
|
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | From bifurcations east of Blumberg 47 ° 50 ′ 55 ″ N , 8 ° 33 ′ 13 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 708 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | At Kirchen-Hausen in the Danube Coordinates: 47 ° 55 '27 " N , 8 ° 40' 33" E 47 ° 55 '27 " N , 8 ° 40' 33" E |
|
| Mouth height | approx. 659 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 49 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 3.1 ‰ | |
| length | 15.9 km (with Mühlegraben 20.2 km) | |
| Catchment area | 79 km² , with Mühlegraben 105 km² | |
The Aitrach is a right tributary of the Danube in the southwestern Swabian Alb , also called Baaralb , in Baden-Württemberg . Its headwaters represent a hydrological peculiarity: The Aitrach does not have its own source , but arises from an artificial river bifurcation and a pseudobifurcation a little further south.
geography
course
The Aitrach begins in a wide, east-west running valley east of the town of Blumberg , which is known as the Blumberger Pforte because of the striking mountains that flank it.
The artificial of the two bifurcations is located at Mühlegraben near Blumberg-Bleiche, directly on the B 27 . The left branch can be seen as the beginning of the Aitrach. In the partial flood structure there, the flood is first diverted downwards and then to the east to the Aitrach; when the water level is low, most of the water is directed to the Schleifebächle via a slightly higher concrete channel a little north of the natural drainage line, and that to the west of Blumberg in a steep one Ravine falls down to the Wutach . The structure is designed in such a way that at an (extreme) flood flow of 18 m³ / s 11 m³ / s are fed into the Aitrach. The former natural runoff reached the bottom of the valley a good half a kilometer west of the second bifurcation of the Aitrach headwaters, i.e. in the catchment area of the Schleifebächles.
This bifurcation is located on the Rhine-Danube watershed , which crosses the wide valley of the Blumberger Pforte at a height of almost exactly 700 meters ( valley watershed ). Here the Blumberger Ried fills the valley floor, and a few meters west of the crossing B 27 the central drainage ditch flows, at first imperceptibly slowly, in both directions, as Schleifebach to Wutach and as Aitrach to Danube. Since the groundwater seeping through the valley gravel of the Mühlegraben only diffuses into the Aitrach-Schleifebach-Graben through the peat of the reed and no flowing water divides here, it is called a pseudo-bifurcation.
The Aitrach continues to flow in a north-easterly direction with a very slight gradient. The width of the valley floor decreases east of the Blumberger gate from 650 m to now about 300 m. The Aitrach is repeatedly pushed from one side of the valley to the other by the alluvial fans of the tributaries . At Kirchen-Hausen , a district of Geisingen , it first crosses under the A 81 and then flows into the Danube .
On the southern side of the valley, the Aitrach follows the route of the Aitrach Valley Railway , the northern section of the Wutach Valley Railway , which is served by the so-called Ringzug , and on whose section known as the Sauschwänzlebahn, west of the Zollhaus-Blumberg station (immediately south of the Aitrach headwaters), museum railway operations take place.
Tributaries
- Mühlegraben (left, partial water volume, main spring load)
- Mühlbach (left)
- Gereutgraben (right)
- Compromise stream (right)
- Length ditch (left)
- Homberggraben (right)
- Breitentalbach (right)
- Kiltelgraben (right)
history
Origin and precursors
In today Aitrach flowed to the Wutach distraction that took place in front of at least 20,000 and at most 70,000 years ago, called the Feldberg Danube that the headwaters or source river for several hundred thousand years of ancient Danube showed. The Feldbergdonau used to flow through a wide valley, which today is preserved in extensive gravel terraces high above the Wutach Gorge . Unlike today's Wutach, it did not bend west of Blumberg to the south to the river system of the Rhine , but continued to flow in a north-easterly direction through the Aitrach valley to Geisingen.
Until about 3 million years ago (later Pliocene ), the Aare-Danube was an even more powerful river that followed the line of today's Aitrach valley. At times it ran from the upper Rhone along today's Aare , against the lower Wutach and a little further north parallel to today's Aitrach and Danube valleys. Since the entire area around today's Upper Danube has been rising for a good 10 million years, the valley gravel of this river can be found today on the plateaus of the Swabian Alb , whereas the remaining waters have deepened accordingly and formed today's valleys.
fauna
Grayling , trout and chub can be found in the Aitrach .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Central map server of the LUBW ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation (LUBW): Abfluss-BW. Regionalized discharge parameters for Baden-Württemberg. Flood drains ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2015 (map on p. 20), accessed on February 12, 2016
