Alexander Illarionowitsch Tudorowski

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Alexander Illarionovich Tudorowski ( Russian Александр Илларионович Тудоровский ; born August 12 . Jul / 24. August  1875 greg. In the village Bulakhov in Kozelets in Chernigov Governorate ; † 25. September 1963 in Leningrad ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Tudorowski, son of a land surveyor , graduated from Chernigov High School in 1894 as the best with a gold medal. He then studied at the University of St. Petersburg in the mathematical department of the mathematical- physical faculty . After graduating in 1897, he worked in the statistics department of the Department of Customs Duties of the Ministry of Finance as a statistician evaluating Russia's foreign trade over the past 100 years. From 1898 he taught physics and mathematics at secondary educational institutions in St. Petersburg .

When the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (SPbPI) was opened in 1902 , Tudorowski taught physics and theoretical mechanics there . In 1904, 1905 and 1908 he was sent to the universities of Giessen , Göttingen and Munich to study abroad . 1908–1913 he lectured at the Mikhail Artillery Academy . Here his interest in optics and especially in optical devices and artillery sights arose , especially since the great need became clear after the Russo-Japanese War .

After the beginning of the First World War , the Russian army immediately learned of the shortage of optical devices because imports from Germany were interrupted and the corresponding industry in Russia was lacking. Therefore, a group of scientists around Dmitri Roschdestvenski, together with IV Grebenchtschikow and later GG Slyusarew , JG Jachontow , NN Katschalow , AA Lebedew and IV Obreimow, began to manufacture optical glass in the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory St. Petersburg . Tudorowski set up an optical laboratory and a computing office there. On the basis of the work of Ernst Abbe , he developed the necessary calculation methods, which were previously only mastered by a few ( AN Krylow , WS Ignatowski , AL Gerschun ), further to improve the optical systems. Glass production ended there with the economic standstill after the October Revolution .

On Roshdestvensky's initiative, the Optics Institute (GOI) was founded in Petrograd in 1918 , and Roshdestvensky became its scientific director. Tudorowski with his laboratory and computer center was incorporated into the GOI. Tudorowski also taught geometric optics , applied optics and theoretical mechanics at the University of Petrograd . He led the seminars for theoretical mechanics, theoretical electrodynamics of light and mathematics. 1921–1924 he gave a lectures in electrodynamics at the Military Engineering Academy in Petrograd and headed the physics laboratory there. 1920–1930 he advised the Petrograd Obuchow plant as well as the Electrophysical Institute (1932–1933) and the Television Institute (1935–1937). In 1933 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) . In 1934 the executive committee of the AN-SSSR awarded him a doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences .

During the German-Soviet War he was evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola with the GOI . There he led the work of the department for the calculation of optical systems for military applications. He calculated the lenses for panorama cameras for front use, especially on the Leningrad Front and the Volkhov Front .

Then Tudorowski continued to work at the GOI and headed the optical department (until 1961). He was co- editor of the journal for technical physics and the optomechanical industry and head of the state examination board of the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics and Optics (LITMO) . He summarized his many years of experience in the two-volume monograph on the theory of optical devices. In his last years he studied optical grids with light entering from any direction. Together with GG Sljusarew he developed Fresnel zone plates . Tudorowski founded a school of optics specialists, to which in particular JG Jachontow, GG Sljusarew, JN Zarewski , DS Wolossow and DJ Halpern belonged.

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Тудоровский Александр Илларионович (автобиография). In: Физики о себе . Наука, Leningrad 1990, p. 218-219 .
  2. ↑ JA Chramow: Tudorowski Alexander Illarionowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 266 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Государственный Оптический Институт им. С.И. Вавилова (accessed January 3, 2016).
  4. ↑ Д. С. Рождественский. Представление к избранию А. И. Тудоровского членом-корреспондентом Академии наук СССР. In: Физики о себе . Наука, Leningrad 1990, p. 220-221 .
  5. ↑ Бужинский А. Н .: Ленинградский филиал ГОИ в отечественной войне . In: 50 лет Государственного оптического института им. С. И. Вавилова (1918–1968) . Сб. статей. Отв. ред. М. М. Miroshnikov, Leningrad 1968.
  6. ↑ Указ ПВС РСФСР от 20 апреля 1956 г . In: Журнал технической физики . tape 26 , no. 9 , 1956, pp. 2125 .
  7. ↑ Тудоровский А. И .: Теория оптических приборов . 2nd Edition. Moscow, Leningrad 1952.
  8. ↑ Тудоровский А. И .: Формулы для расчёта лучей, отражённых дифракционной решёткой . In: Труды ГОИ. Л. tape 26 , no. 152 , 1958, pp. 3-12 .
  9. ^ Gan MA: Fifty years of kinoformoptics. Results and Prospects of development (accessed February 2, 2017) . In: J. Opt. Technol. tape 73 , no. 7 , 2006, p. 432-437 .
personal data
SURNAME Tudorowski, Alexander Illarionowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Тудоровский, Александр Илларионович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 24, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Bulachow near Koselez
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1963
Place of death Leningrad