Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Katschalow

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Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Katschalow

Nikolai Nikolaevich Kachalov ( Russian Николай Николаевич Качалов ; born June 8 . Jul / 20th June  1883 greg. In Dresden - Loschwitz ; † 19th June 1961 in Leningrad ) was a Russian chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Katschalow came from an old Russian noble family . His father was the Real State Councilor Nikolai Nikolayevich Katschalow the Elder , who later became the director of the St. Petersburg Imperial Electrotechnical Institute Alexander III. and then became governor of Arkhangelsk governorate . His grandfather was the Secret Council and Director of the Customs Department of the Ministry of Finance Nikolai Alexandrovich Kachalov . His mother Olga Lwowna born. Blok (1861-1900) was the sister of the lawyer Alexander Lwowitsch Blok and aunt of the poet Alexander Alexandrowitsch Blok .

Katschalow grew up on the family estate Chwalewskoje on the high bank of the Suda River near Babajewo . After completing secondary school in 1900, he studied chemistry at the mining institute . In 1908 he married the actress Jelisaveta Ivanovna Time . After graduating in 1911, he worked in the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory in St. Petersburg , where he became technical director in 1916. After the beginning of the First World War , the Russian army immediately learned of the shortage of optical devices because imports from Germany were interrupted and the corresponding industry in Russia was lacking. Therefore, a group of scientists ( IW Grebenschtschikow , AI Tudorowski and later GG Slyusarev , JG Jachontow , AA Lebedew and IW Obreimow ) under the leadership of Dmitri Sergejewitsch Roschdestvensky with the active participation of Katschalow, began to manufacture optical glass in the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory St. Petersburg . Production ended with the economic standstill after the October Revolution .

In 1923 Katschalow and others built the factory for optical glass , of which he became the technical director. In 1926 the first Soviet optical glass was delivered, so that imports were no longer required in 1927. He was also an employee of the Leningrad Institute for Ceramic Research . In 1930 he became the head of the scientific department of the All-Russian Optomechanical Industry . At the same time he was appointed to the first Russian chair for glass at the Leningrad Technology Institute (LTI) , which he initiated , with a doctorate in technical sciences and an appointment as professor. In addition, he was Deputy Director for Research and Teaching at the LTI. In 1931 he became an employee of the glass research institute, in 1932 deputy director and in 1937 head. In 1931 he was also one of the founders of the Leningrad Institute for Precision Mechanics and Optics (LITMO) , where he read about the technology of optical glass and looked after aspirants . In 1933 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) and in 1937 adviser to the State Optics Institute (GOI) in Leningrad.

After the German-Soviet War , Katschalow and others founded the Institute for Silicate Chemistry of the AN-SSSR in Leningrad in 1948 . Until 1951 he was the deputy director and then head of the laboratory for silicate cold processing ( grinding , polishing ) until his death .

Katschalow was friends in particular with the singer Leonid Vitalievich Sobinov , the sculptor Vera Ignatievna Muchina , the actor Vasily Ivanovich Katschalow and the People's Commissar for Education Anatoli Wassiljewitsch Lunacharsky .

Katschalow was buried in Leningrad Volkovo Cemetery at the literary bridges. He has been honored in St. Petersburg since 1965 on Professor-Katschalow-Strasse .

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Katschalow Nikolai Nikolajewitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DKatschalow%20Nikolai%20Nikolajewitsch~2b%3DKatschalow%20Nikolai%20Nikolajewitsch
  2. ↑ a b С.Н.Тутолмина: Отец и сын Качаловы (accessed on January 11, 2017).
  3. ↑ GOI: КАЧАЛОВ Николай Николаевич (accessed on January 11, 2017).
  4. ↑ Качалов Н .: Стекло . Издательство АН СССР, Moscow 1959.
  5. ↑ Молчанова О. С., Молчанов В. С .: Илья Васильевич Гребенщиков - 50 лет Государственного оптического института им. С. И. Вавилова (1918-1968). Сборник статей . Машиностроение, Leningrad 1968, p. 627-642 .
  6. ↑ Добро пожаловать в Музей истории Университета ИТМО! (accessed on January 11, 2017).
  7. ↑ АО "Государственный Оптический Институт им. С.И. Вавилова" (ГОИ) (accessed January 11, 2017).
  8. ↑ Институт химии силикатов имени И. В. Гребенщикова РАН (accessed January 11, 2017).
  9. ↑ Мелуа А. И .: Инженеры Санкт-Петербурга . Международный фонд истории науки, St. Petersburg, Moscow 1996.
personal data
SURNAME Katschalow, Nikolai Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Качалов, Николай Николаевич (Russian); Kachalov, Nikolai Nikolaevich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 20, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH June 19, 1961
Place of death Leningrad