Suda (river)
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Suda Су́да |
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 On the lower reaches of the Suda |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 08010200212110000007388 | |
| location | Vologda Oblast ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Volga | |
| Drain over | Volga → Caspian Sea | |
| origin | Confluence of Koloschma and Noschema 60 ° 2 '22 " N , 35 ° 45' 55" O |
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| Source height | 162 m | |
| muzzle |
Rybinsk Reservoir west of Cherepovets Coordinates: 59 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 37 ° 42 ′ 55 ″ E 59 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 37 ° 42 ′ 55 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 102 m | |
| Height difference | 60 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.33 ‰ | |
| length | 184 km | |
| Catchment area | 13,500 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
134 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Schogda , Andoga | |
| Right tributaries | Kolp , Voron, Petuch | |
| Small towns | Kadui | |
| Communities | Borisovo-Sudskoye , Suda | |
| Navigable | Lower course | |
 Location of the Suda (Су́да) in the catchment area of the Rybinsk Reservoir |
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The Suda ( Russian Су́да ) is a 184-kilometer tributary of the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Volga in the European part of Russia .
course
The Suda arises at a height of 162 m in the western part of the Vologda Oblast , a good 100 kilometers as the crow flies west of the city of Belozersk from the source rivers Koloschma from the right and Noschema from the left. The approximately 100 kilometers long, larger Koloschma flows from Lake Matkosero on the border with Leningrad Oblast and is partly attributed to the Suda as its upper reaches. The Noschema is 81 kilometers long. Over its entire length, the Suda flows in a south-easterly, increasingly easterly direction through the flat Mologa-Scheksna lowland , which is characterized by rain marshes and pine forests . It finally flows into the settlement named after it Suda , about 20 kilometers west of the city of Cherepovets , in the northern end of the Rybinsk reservoir of the Volga.
Above the mouth, the Suda reaches a width of almost 100 meters and a depth of two meters. The flow velocity there is 0.2 m / s. The lower section of the Suda gradually merges into the reservoir area of the lake, so that the former course of the river widens there to about two kilometers. Before the Rybinsk Reservoir was flooded in the 1940s, the Suda flowed about ten kilometers downhill, a little below Cherepovets, from the right into the Scheksna (for approximate location, see the given mouth coordinate).
The most important tributaries are the Kolp (length 254 km), the Voron and Petuch from the right and the Schogda and Andoga (142 km) from the left.
Hydrology
The catchment area of the river covers 13,500 km².
The mean annual discharge near the mouth is 134 m³ / s. Suda freezes over between the end of October and the beginning of December; during the snowmelt in April to early May it leads to floods.
Use and infrastructure
The Suda is only navigable on the lower reaches. It used to be used for logging .
It leads through a sparsely populated area. The largest of the villages on the upper reaches is Borissowo-Sudskoje , which is reached by a road from the Babajewo district administrative center . There are only a few, smaller villages on the middle course, which runs through the marshland of the Mologa-Scheksna lowlands. The largest town a few kilometers away from the river is the urban-type settlement and center of the Kadui Rajon of the same name . The Cherepovetsk thermal power station was built there in the 1970s , for the purpose of which a 3 km² cooling water lake was created to the right (south) of the Suda, which is fed by the river and whose water level is regulated by a dam on the river.
Near the mouth, the Suda is crossed by the railway line (over 2 km long dam-bridge combination) and the A114 trunk road , which connect Saint Petersburg and Vologda .
The Suda is a popular canoeing area due to its quiet course through, with the exception of the lower reaches, a natural landscape with relatively good accessibility .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Article Suda in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Suda in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ a b G. Ryžavskij: Bassejn verchnej Volgi . Fizkulʹtura i sport, Moscow 1981 ( The basin of the Upper Volga ; water guide ; Russian, online ).