Alexander Ivanovich Nekrasov

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Alexander Ivanovich Nekrasov ( Russian Александр Иванович Некрасов ; born November 27 . Jul / 9. December  1883 greg. In Moscow , † 21st May 1957 ) was a Russian physicist , mathematician and university professor .

Life

Nekrasov, eldest son of the noble lawyer and inspector of the elementary schools of the Moscow Governorate Ivan Arkadyevich Nekrasov, lost his father at the age of 10, so that the mother determined the further domestic education. After graduating from the 5th Moscow High School in 1901 with a gold medal, he began studying in the mathematics department of the physics - mathematics faculty of Moscow University (MGU). He was strongly influenced there by Nikolai Jegorowitsch Schukowski . He received a gold medal for his work on the theory of Jupiter's moons . After completing his studies in 1906, he stayed at the MGU and in 1911 became a master of astronomy and mechanics and a private lecturer at the chair for astronomy and geodesy and private lecturer at the chair for applied mathematics ( theoretical mechanics ). In 1917 he became a lecturer in the physical-mathematical faculty of the MGU and gave a lecture on aerodynamics and gas dynamics . In addition, he taught mathematics and physics in Moscow middle educational institutions for women from 1906-1917 and from 1915 in the Moscow higher courses for women under the direction of Sergei Alexejewitsch Tschaplygin .

After the October Revolution , Nekrasov was appointed professor in 1918 and headed the Chair of Theoretical Mechanics at the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute . There he became dean of the civil engineering faculty and in 1921 rector .

In 1922 Nekrasov became a professor at the MGU and took over the management of the newly founded Research Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics at the MGU. In addition, he gave the lecture on theoretical mechanics for students of the Moscow Technical University . In his lecture, he used vector algebra for the first time . The textbook he developed from the lecture became a standard textbook at Soviet universities. In 1932 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR). In 1933 he took over the management of the chair for theoretical mechanics at the MGU.

In addition to his teaching activities, Nekrasov was deputy head of the Central Administration for Vocational Education of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR (1922-1929) and a member of the Mechanics Commission for the creation of a new program for universities (1933). From 1923 he was a member of the management board of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI). In 1930 he became Vice Chairman of the ZAGI and in 1937 Vice Chairman of the Scientific Council. From 1934 he was a member of the certification committee for the universities of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR , which decided on the award of academic degrees .

On January 8, 1938, Nekrasov was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in a camp in connection with the Tupolev trial under Article 58 of the RSFSR Criminal Code . He then worked scientifically in the central design office ZKB-29 of the NKVD set up for jailed aviation designers and engineers (from 1941 in the German-Soviet War in Omsk ). In 1943 he was released early with severe asthma .

In 1943 Nekrasov was again head of the chair for theoretical mechanics at the MGU. In 1945 he became head of the aerodynamics department of the AN-SSSR Institute of Mechanics. In 1946 he became a real member of the AN-SSSR. In 1956 he became a founding member of the National Committee of the USSR for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.

Nekrasov published more than 100 scientific papers. He developed new methods for studying stationary waves of finite amplitude on surfaces of heavy incompressible liquids . He solved a number of problems with the flow of compressible and incompressible liquids around curved profiles . The main focus of work was the theory of the movement of a wing in a transient flow and flutter as well as the theory of vortex diffusion . His mathematical work related to solutions of nonlinear integral and integro-differential equations and to functional analysis .

Nekrasov was buried in Moscow's Pyatnitskoye Cemetery.

The art historian Alexei Ivanovich Nekrasov was Nekrassov's younger brother.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k MGU: Некрасов Александр Иванович (accessed January 11, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Изяслав Тверецкий: УЧЁНЫЕ Н. К. ДМИТРИЕВ И А. И. НЕКРАСОВ И ИХ МОГИЛЫ (accessed January 11, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c Russian Academy of Sciences: Некрасов Александр Иванович (accessed January 11, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b c d e J. J. O'Connor and EF Robertson: Aleksandr Ivanovich Nekrasov (accessed January 11, 2019).
  5. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: НЕКРА́СОВ Александр Иванович (accessed January 11, 2019).
  6. ↑ Nekrasov AI: Курс теоретической механики в векторном изложении . 1933.
  7. ↑ a b Кафедра « Теоретическая механика ». Основные этапы развития (1878–2003) . Экслибрис-Пресс, Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-88161-137-3 , p. 48-49 .
  8. ↑ a b Мехмат МГУ 80. Математика и механика в Московском университете . Изд-во Моск. ун-та, Moscow 2013, ISBN 978-5-19-010857-6 , p. 160 .
personal data
SURNAME Nekrasov, Alexander Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Некрасов, Александр Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist, mathematician and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 9, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1957
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union