Alexandra Viktorovna Machrovskaya

Alexandra Viktorovna Machrovskaya (1980)

Alexandra Viktorovna Machrowskaja ( Russian Александра Викторовна Махровская ; born December 8 ^{. Jul} / 21st December  1917 ^greg. In Strugi Belaya ; † 18th August 1997 in St. Petersburg ) was a Soviet - Russian architect , urban planner and Städtebauerin .

Life

Machrowskaja's grandfather was the archpriest Gennady Ivanovich Machrowski of the Saratov Trinity Cathedral . Her father Viktor Gennadjewitsch Machrowski was a metrologist and taught at the Saratov Bogolyubov Art School and then at the Kazan University and the St. Petersburg Technological Institute. Her mother, Alexandra Ivanovna Machrowskaya, came from St. Petersburg and had completed the advanced trade courses for women there.

Machrowskaja visited Leningrad high school and began under the influence of her father in 1936 to study at the from the Imperial Academy of Arts emerged Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (LISchSA) in the architecture - Faculty . In addition, she began distance learning in 1937 at the Institute for Foreign Languages ​​in the German department. After the beginning of the German-Soviet War, the course was interrupted by the first Leningrad winter blockade . In July 1942 she was evacuated with her parents and her daughter Olga (* 1941) and came to Samarqand , where most of the evacuated LISchSA was. There she met her future husband Viktor Ilyich Kotschedamow know. The Machrovsky family returned to Leningrad in 1944. In 1945 Machrowskaja defended her diploma thesis project for an exhibition palace, which she had completed in Igor Ivanovich Fomin's workshop, with distinction for her graduation as an architect-artist. She completed her foreign language studies as a translator .

After graduation, Makhrovskaya worked at the Leningrad Institute of Urban Development in Lengiprogor . With WP Jakowlew, Wladimir Albertowitsch Gaikowitsch , DD Baragin, NA Solofnenko and Juri Michailowitsch Kilowatow, an urban development school had just developed there, under whose direction Machrowskaya worked on the project planning for the renovation and restoration of the historic center of Petrozavodsk . In 1947 the project won 2nd prize in the all-union competition. Another success of Machrovskaya was the project for the center of Simferopol , which showed her analytical architectural and urban planning skills.

1951 Machrowskaja began postgraduate at Vladimir Alexandrovich Witman at the Leningrad branch of the Moscow Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the USSR . In 1955 she defended her candidate dissertation there on the development and design of the Neva banks and became a senior scientific employee of the Leningrad branch. Her research focus was the processes of designing large and small urban districts of large cities with historical buildings. She wrote a number of scientific articles and monographs on the problems of restoring historic city districts and creating modern, comfortable housing. Together with Alexander Iwanowitsch Naumow , she wrote a book each on urban development and residential areas.

In 1964, Makhrovskaya became the head of the Urban Rehabilitation Department of the Scientific Department of the Leningrad Research Institute of Urban Design. She specialized in planning the construction of new cities in Kazakhstan , Siberia and the Far East . She developed model projects for settlement and urban development in the northern regions of the country. She examined the historical-architectural heritage of the small settlements in Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic . In particular, she developed a concept for the rehabilitation of the center of Syktyvkar . At the same time, Machrovskaya's department was dedicated to the urban development processes in Leningrad and then St. Petersburg. She personally led the rehabilitation of historic city districts and the preservation of the cultural and architectural heritage. She took part in architecture competitions with plans for the centers of Reval , Kazan and a central square in San Francisco . Under her leadership, projects for the reconstruction of historical building ensembles in the GDR and Hungary were developed and carried out.

Makhrovskaya was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences (RAASN) in 1995. She was not a member of the CPSU . 1967–1972 she was a member of the Leningrad City Soviet . In 1991 she became a member of the St. Petersburg City Planning Council. In her final years, Makhrovskaya worked on her book on St. Petersburg's Gate to the Sea to illustrate her lifelong experience studying the problems of restoring a modern city. The book was left unfinished.

Machrowskaja's daughter Olga Alexandrovna Biantovskaya had become a graphic artist .

Machrovskaya was buried in the Bogoslovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg .

Honors

• Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union (1983)
• Medals

Web links

• Literature by and about Alexandra Viktorovna Machrovskaya in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Catalog of the Russian National Library : Махровская, Александра Викторовна

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} RAASN: Махровская Александра Викторовна (accessed March 30, 2020).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Биография . In: Александра Махровская: ученый и градостроитель. Воспоминания друзей и коллег . Сохраненная культура, St. Petersburg 2014, ISBN 978-5-905942-81-5 , p. 6–11 ( [1] [accessed March 30, 2020]).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Великий смысл прекрасной жизни . In: Зодчий. 21 век. tape 65 , no. 4 , December 1, 2017, p. 70-77 ( [2] [accessed March 30, 2020]).
4. ↑ Фащевская И. П .: Биография . In: Александра Махровская: ученый и градостроитель. Воспоминания друзей и коллег . Сохраненная культура, St. Petersburg 2014, ISBN 978-5-905942-81-5 , p. 230-243 .
5. ↑ Ленниипградостроительства (accessed March 30, 2020).
6. ↑ Театральные плакаты и графика Ольги Биантовской (accessed March 30, 2020).