Alfonso I. d'Este

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Alfonso I. d'Este

Alfonso I. d'Este (born July 21, 1476 in Ferrara ; † October 31, 1534 ibid) ruled from June 15, 1505 to October 31, 1534 as the third Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from the House of Este , proved to be in politically troubled times as an important statesman and general and as one of the most generous patrons of the Renaissance.

origin

He was the eldest son of Duke Ercole I d'Este of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from his marriage to Eleonora of Aragón, the daughter of King Fernando I of Naples and his wife, Isabella di Chiaramonte (1450-1493). Alfonso became his successor on June 15, 1505. He was the brother of Isabella (1474-1539), Beatrices (1475-1497) and Ippolitos I. d'Este (1479-1520).

Live and act

In a time of frequently changing alliances, Alfonso I maintained the independence of his principality, especially vis-à-vis Venice and the Holy See . To do this, he relied on a powerful army equipped with modern firearms. Among other things, he served as the commander of the papal troops against Venice in the war of the League of Cambrai .

His residence in Ferrara became a cultural center. He developed the city's university into one of the leading educational institutions in Italy. Among other things, Alfonso I. Tizian and Ludovico Ariosto promoted .

Marriages and offspring

Alfonso married on January 12, 1491 or, according to other sources, on February 12, 1491, Anna Sforza (1473-1497), a daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforzas , the Duke of Milan, who died of the birth of their first child, a son. The newborn died a short time later. On February 2, 1502, he married Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519), daughter of Pope Alexander VI. and sister Cesare Borgias . She is the mother of most of his children and she too died in childbed .

  1. Daughter, stillborn September 5, 1502
  2. Alessandro (born September 19, 1505, † October 14, 1505)
  3. Ercole II. D'Este (April 4, 1508, † October 3, 1559), Duke 1534 ⚭ 1528 Renée de France (1510–1574) daughter of King Louis XII.
  4. Ippolito II. D'Este (born August 25, 1509, † December 2, 1572), cardinal 1538
  5. Alessandro d'Este (April 1514 - July 10, 1516)
  6. Eleonora d'Este (July 4, 1515, † 1575), nun
  7. Francesco d'Este (born November 1, 1516, † February 22, 1578) Prince of Massa ⚭ 1540 Maria di Cardona († 1563) ( House Folch de Cardona )
  8. Isabella Maria (born and died June 14, 1519)

Alfonso I entered into his third marriage to legitimize two illegitimate children. Her mother's name was Laura Dianti († 1573) and was his lover for years.

  • Alfonsino d'Este († 1547), Margrave of Castelnuovo
  • Alfonso d'Este (1527–1587), Margrave of Montecchio 1534 ⚭ 1) 1549 Giulia della Rovere († 1563), daughter of the Duke of Urbino Francesco Maria I della Rovere , ⚭ 2) 1584 Violanta Signa (1546–1609)

This attempt to legitimize, however, was not recognized by the Pope. When Alfonso II. D'Este , the grandson of Alfonso I, died childless in 1597, Pope Clement VIII took the illegitimate birth of his uncle Alfonso d'Este, the margrave of Montecchio, as an occasion, and his son Cesare d'Este the papal part of heritage, Ferrara, to refuse. Cesare resigned in 1598 and the Pope incorporated the area into the Papal States .

art

Alfonso was a great patron of the arts. In 1514 Giovanni Bellini painted his last completed painting The Festival of the Gods for him . He commissioned a cycle of pictures from Titian and set up an art gallery in his camerino d'alabastro .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Grandes de España-Gandía (Spanish) at grandesp.org.uk/historia/gzas/gandia.htmz
  2. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 58, limited preview in the Google book search
  3. ↑ Ernst Probst: Lucrezia Borgia - The beautiful daughter of a Pope. P. 25 limited preview in Google Book search
  4. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 305, limited preview in the Google book search
  5. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 277, limited preview in the Google book search
  6. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 305, limited preview in the Google book search
  7. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 279, limited preview in the Google book search
  8. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 288, limited preview in the Google book search
  9. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 305, limited preview in the Google book search
  10. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 288, limited preview in the Google book search
  11. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 305, limited preview in the Google book search
  12. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 288, limited preview in the Google book search
  13. ^ Ferdinand Gregorovius: Lucrezia Borgia p. 300, limited preview in the Google book search

Web links

Commons : Alfonso I d'Este  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Ercole I. Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
1505–1534 		Ercole II.
personal data
SURNAME Alfonso I. d'Este
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1476
PLACE OF BIRTH Ferrara
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1534
Place of death Ferrara