ʿAlī Jumʿa

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Sheikh ʿAlī Jumʿa ( Arabic علي جمعة Ali Dschuma , DMG ʿAlī Ǧumʿa ; in Egyptian-Arabic pronunciation ʿAlī Gumʿa , surname often also as Gomaa or Goma'a ; * 1952 in Beni Suef ) was the Egyptian Grand Mufti and successor to Ahmed el-Tayeb . In the Sunni hierarchy of Egypt only the Sheikh al-Azhar stands above him.

He is considered one of the most renowned living scholars of traditional Islam and belongs to the Shāfiʿite school of law . He is also the author and chatib of the Sultan Hasan Mosque in Cairo .

ʿAlī Jumʿa (2003)

Act

Jumʿa is present in the media worldwide with statements and fatwas on Islamic law ( Sharia ). Beating one's wife is allowed in Islamic countries, but prohibited in the West. He believes the surgical reconstruction of the hymen is permitted.

He is one of the leading Muslims in favor of the abolition of female genital cutting , which is estimated to be done on over 90% of girls in Egypt. He said circumcision was an "aggression" and was against the "dignity and honor of the people." On November 22nd and 23rd, 2006, he chaired the international conference of Islamic scholars initiated by Rüdiger Nehberg on the “Prohibition of the Mutilation of the Female Body by Circumcision” at al-Azhar University in Cairo. He signed the fatwa , which was almost unanimously agreed there, that circumcision was not compatible with the teaching of Islam.

Jumʿa caused a worldwide sensation with a fatwa, which referred to a hadith ("norm-setting tradition") about the body secretions of Muhammad . Then Muhammad's servant Umm Ayman drank his urine in order to receive his blessing. Mohammed then said: “This belly will not be dragged through the fires of hell, because it contains something from our Lord, the messenger of Allah.” “This blessing,” said Jumʿa, “can be with the venerable saliva, sweat, blood or The prophet's urine will be done. ”Anyone who is disgusted by the prophet's excretions must renounce their faith.

In terms of religious history, the hadith is to be classified in a model in which a sharp distinction is made between earthly life and transcendence. Body functions are seen as functions that are caused by people ingesting food, incorporating it into their body and processing it there. As a result, people are permanently prevented from turning away from the “earthly” and “this worldly”. That this is a negative process is also shown by the fact that body functions usually lead to bad-smelling excretions. In religious rule systems, these excretions are also classified as cultically polluting. Against this background, the concept developed in Christianity and Islam, for example, that the holiness and the prominence of religious exemplary people either found their expression in that the bodily functions in these people did not take place in the usual form (examples are traditions according to which Maria or Fatima not menstruating) or performed without being disgusting.

After the Islamist- motivated terrorist attack in front of the Coptic al-Qiddissine church in Alexandria on January 1, 2011, in which 23 people were killed, Jumʿa turned to the German public in a guest article in the Berlin Tagesspiegel and declared that “Islam is absolutely against Extremism and terrorism ”and that it is necessary to understand the“ factors ”“ which provide the rationalization of terrorism and extremism ”because otherwise one would never be able to“ remove this scourge from the world ”.

In the case of Hamsa Kaschgari , who was prosecuted for his tweets critical of Islam , Ali Jumʿa defended the Saudi author from his critics and called for a dialogue about the possibilities offered by social networks.

various

He was one of the 138 signatories of the open letter a common word between us and you ( Engl. A Common Word Between Us and You ), the personalities of Islam to "leaders of Christian churches everywhere" (Engl. "Leaders of Christian Churches, everywhere ... “) (October 13, 2007).

In 2013 he agreed to a death sentence in absentia against seven Coptic Christians. The seven convicted are Nakoula Basseley Nakoula , the producer of the Islam-critical amateur short film Innocence of Muslims , Maurice Sadeq Girgis Abdel Shahid, a lawyer and founder of the National American Coptic Assembly in Washington, the assembly spokesman Nabil Adib Bassada, the doctor Fekry Abdel Masih Zoqloma, the religious moderator Morcos Aziz Khalil and Phoebe Abdel Masih Paules Salib and Nader Farid Nicola.

literature

  • Safaa M. Afifi El-Sheikh: Western Churches in the Image of Contemporary Egyptian and Arab Religious Scholars: A Contribution to the Open Letter to Pope Benedict XVI. (Doctorate from HU zu Berlin) Dissertation to obtain the academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 ( Online ; PDF; 1.8 MB) (see p. 85 ff .: The Islamic-Christian Dialogue by Dr. Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti of Egypt)

Web links

Commons : Ali Jumʿa  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In Cairo, Islamic Scholars Decide on a Ban - Will Genital Mutilation Ever End? ( Memento of December 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) NZZ , November 24, 2006, accessed on November 13, 2010.
  2. ↑ TARGET : The Fatwas against Female Genital Mutilation , November 24, 2006, accessed on February 19, 2018.
  3. ↑ Alexandra Cuffel, Gendering disgust in medieval religious polemic. Notre Damme, Indiana 2007
  4. ↑ Guest commentary: Islam is against terrorism and extremism , in: Der Tagesspiegel , January 5, 2011.
  5. ^ "Grand Mufti calls for dialogue about the internet" , in: The National , February 20, 2012. Date of retrieval: February 22, 2012.
  6. ↑ acommonword.com: A common word between us and you (summarized short form) (PDF; 186 kB)
personal data
SURNAME Jumʿa, īAlī
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gumʿa, ʿAlī; Gomaa, ʿAlī; Goma'a, ʿAlī; علي جمعة (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Egyptian Grand Mufti
DATE OF BIRTH 1952
PLACE OF BIRTH Beni Suef