Alice Haarburger
Alice Haarburger (born November 16, 1891 in Reutlingen , † March 26, 1942 in Riga ) was a German painter . In addition to still lifes , portraits and interiors , she mainly created landscape paintings . Her paintings show influences of late impressionism .
Under the Nazi dictatorship persecuted as a Jew, it was the end of 1941 in the in the course of World War II by Germany occupied Latvia deported and later there three months in the Riga ghetto by the Nazis murdered.
Life
Alice Haarburger was the eldest child of the factory owner Friedrich Haarburger, who ran the Julius Vottelers Nachsteiger GmbH company in Reutlingen, and his wife Fanny, née. Hess, who was a great-granddaughter of Isaak Hess from Ellwangen . The two brothers Karl and Ernst were born in 1893 and 1897. In 1903 the family moved from Bismarckstrasse 4 in Reutlingen to Stuttgart , where the school and training opportunities were better than in Reutlingen. Friedrich Haarburger therefore had the house built at Danneckerstraße 36 in 1902, and his initials have been preserved at the gate entrance.
Alice Haarburger first attended high school in Stuttgart and then boarding schools in Geneva , Lausanne and London . From 1910 she was trained at Alfred Schmidt's private painting school for women in Stuttgart, and from 1917 she studied with Arnold Waldschmidt at the Stuttgart Art Academy . In 1920 she moved to the Debschitz School in Munich .
Alice Haarburger, who from 1920 belonged to the Württemberg Painters' Association in Stuttgart, had several exhibitions from 1921. Among other things, three of her pictures were shown in the large anniversary exhibition of the Stuttgart Art Association in 1927. In 1932 she became the first secretary of the Württemberg Painters' Association, but had to give up this position due to her Jewish origins in 1933 at the beginning of the dictatorship of National Socialism : After the synchronization , Alice Haarburger only had access to closed Jewish exhibitions. In 1935 and 1937, together with 14 other Jewish artists, she took part in the two exhibitions of the Stuttgart Art Community in the rooms of the Stuttgart Lodge, which Karl Adler had initiated and directed with the "permission" of the Nazi regime.
In 1938 the family had to sell the house on Danneckerstraße and move to Sandbergerstraße 26 in Stuttgart-Ost . Alice Haarburger received a visa for Switzerland in 1940 , but refrained from leaving Germany because she wanted to help her mother and probably felt safe because her two brothers had taken part in the First World War . On her 50th birthday, she received a draft order from the Gestapo for deportation and on December 1, 1941, she was transported from the Killesberg assembly camp to the Riga ghetto as part of the first deportation from Stuttgart . There she was murdered a few months later in a mass shooting. A stumbling block was laid in front of her home in Stuttgart in her memory .
Fate of other family members, estate and reception
Alice Haarburger's mother had to leave Stuttgart in 1942 and move to the Jewish retirement home in Dellmensingen , where she died soon afterwards. Alice Haarburger's aunt Emma Hess also first came to Dellmensingen, but was later taken to the Theresienstadt ghetto and killed there. Uncle Ludwig Hess, who was also temporarily quartered at Sandbergerstrasse 26, had the same fate. Fanny Hess, one of the mother's cousins, died in Dellmensingen.
In the winter of 1986/87, thanks to the artist's heirs, a large part of Alice Haarburger's left paintings was for sale in a second-hand shop in Stuttgart. The Stuttgart art historian and former rector of the art academy, Wolfgang Kermer , became aware of this and remembered the fate of the painter for the first time with an article published on March 26, 1987 in the official gazette of the state capital Stuttgart , which prevented an indiscriminate dissolution of the estate. “The Stuttgart art of the interwar period”, said Wolfgang Kermer at the time, “as much [...] can already be determined, another name can be added.” Werner P. Heyd remarked a little later in the Black Forest Bote : “Professor Wolfgang Kermer from the Staatlichen Akademie der bildenden Künste in Stuttgart, which was the first to publish the facts in Stuttgart 45 years after the artist's death - 50 years after the last exhibition - deserves everyone's thanks for undertaking this work. “Ly Bernheimer, Hilde Brandt, Meta Breu, Dina Cymbalist , Hermann Fechenbach , Margarethe Garthe, Elli Heimann, Hermann Kahn, Ignaz Kaufmann, Trude Munk, Klara Neuburger, Emilie Ott, Else Samuel and Paula Straus , these are the guys together with Alice Haarburger Painters, sculptors, and artisans who took part in the Stuttgart exhibitions in 1935 and 1937 “only the 'Community newspaper for the Israelite communities in Württemberg' reported on their work at that time ete. Incidentally, a newspaper that [...] could only be obtained by Jews and was not allowed to be sold in public ”(Wolfgang Kermer). Only Dina Cymbalist, Hermann Fechenbach, Margarethe Garthe, Hermann Kahn (who became a well-known painter and ceramist in Israel under the name Aharon Kahana), Ignaz Kaufmann and Klara Neuburger survived the Holocaust demonstrably because they had left Germany.
In 1987 the Alice-Haarburger-Staffel in Stuttgart was named after the painter. In Böblingen the Alice-Haarburger-Weg and the Alice-Haarburger-Hof are reminiscent of their names. According to Wolfgang Kermer's findings, “around 150 oil paintings - still lifes, landscapes, interiors, portraits” have been preserved from her work. In addition to privately owned paintings, there are works by Haarburger in art museums in Böblingen and Reutlingen, all of which were acquired after 1987; further paintings are in the Stuttgart city archive and in the old atelier of the Association of Visual Artists Württemberg e. V., which emerged from the Württemberg painters' association. In 1992, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the painter's death, a commemorative exhibition was held in the Contact Gallery in Böblingen; a double exhibition with works by Hermann Fechenbach took place in the Wilhelmspalais in Stuttgart in the winter of 1991/92.
On November 20, 2016, the Municipal Art Museum Spendhaus Reutlingen opened an overview of works curated by the art historian Joana Pape under the title "après tout - your own feeling: Alice Haarburger on her 125th birthday". In addition to the appreciation of the painter's life and work, the accompanying publication compiled by Joana Pape contains for the first time an index that refers to works in an unknown location. In addition to the collection of Haarburger works in the donation house, the pictures “Winter landscape (red house in the snow)” and “Portrait of an unknown lady” were added “as a gift from the art historian Wolfgang Kermer, who returned for the first time in the 1980s had drawn attention to the importance of the artist ”.
literature
- Thomas Leon Heck : Haarburger, Alice . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 66, de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-598-23033-2 , p. 537.
- Wolfgang Kermer : Artist between the wars: Alice Haarburger - a forgotten Stuttgart painter. In: Official Journal of the State Capital Stuttgart, No. 13, March 26, 1987, p. 8, two images (“Self-Portrait”, “Alexander Fountain in Winter”).
- Thomas Leon Heck (Ed.): Alice Haarburger 1891 Reutlingen - 1942 concentration camp Riga. Fate of a Jewish painter. Tübingen 1992 (out of print, 2nd edition in preparation).
- Bernd Serger, Karin-Anne Böttcher: There were Jews in Reutlingen: stories, memories, fates - a historical reader . Stadtarchiv, Reutlingen 2005, ISBN 978-3-933820-67-9 , p. 400-420 .
- Mascha Riepl-Schmidt : The painter Alice Haarburger - Sandbergerstraße 26. In: Harald Stingele (Hrsg.): Stuttgarter Stolpersteine. Traces of forgotten neighbors. Markstein Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7918-8033-4 .
Web links
- Marisse Hausser: Dominated by the green. In: Reutlinger General-Anzeiger . June 21, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Deportees - Refugees: Alice Haarburger. In: Signs of Remembrance. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014 ; accessed on June 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Werner P. Heyd: Lost work of the painter Alice Haarburger: pupil of Waldschmidt and Debschitz / exhibition in Stuttgart is being prepared . In: Sonntags-Journal, Der Schwarzwälder [messenger] at the weekend, Whitsun 1987, No. 23, o. P. [3], two illustrations ("Self-Portrait", "Alexander Fountain in Winter")
- ^ A b Mascha Riepl-Schmidt : The painter Alice Haarburger - Sandbergerstrasse 26. In: Stolpersteine Stuttgart. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Alice Haarburger. In: Heibelberg University for Jewish Studies - Albert Einstein Library - Catalog. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
- ^ Otto Paul Burkhardt : Modern city landscapes. In: swp.de . November 18, 2016, accessed October 27, 2018 .
- ↑ après tout - your own feeling: Alice Haarburger on her 125th birthday . Municipal Art Museum Spendhaus Reutlingen, November 20, 2016 to April 2, 2017, published by the Municipal Art Museum Spendhaus Reutlingen, Reutlingen 2016. With contributions by Herbert Eichhorn and Joana Pape. ISBN 978-3-939775-57-7 .
- ↑ Armin Knauer: The light over the roofs . In: Reutlinger General-Anzeiger , No. 268, November 18, 2016, p. 34.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Haarburger, Alice |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 16, 1891 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Reutlingen |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 26, 1942 |
| Place of death | Riga |