Altingia obovata
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Altingia obovata is an evergreen deciduous tree species from the small family of Altingiaceae within the order of saxifrage-like (Saxifragales). It is endemic to the southern Chinese island of Hainan .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The evergreen tree reaches a height of approx. 30 m and a trunk diameter of up to 100 cm. It has a rough bark . The young twigs, like the egg-shaped, approx. 1 cm long, scaly-covered buds, are sparsely downy-haired. The helically arranged leaves are stalked 0.4–1 cm long. The stipules are small and decrepit and leave small scars . The simple and undivided, pinnate leaf blade is obovate to narrowly obovate and has a length of 5–11 cm and a width of 2–4.5 cm. It has a narrow wedge-shaped base and is rounded or blunt at the front. The leathery blade is two-tone and bare. It has 7–9 pairs of lateral nerves protruding on both sides. The spreading edge is finely notched and sawn.
Generative characteristics
The sex distribution of the flowers is single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowers do not have an inflorescence .
The male inflorescences are stalked, many-flowered, ellipsoidal heads . They are usually arranged in large numbers in clusters that are at the ends of the branches or just below them. The male flowers only consist of stamens that have not grown together . The red anthers are basifix, that is, attached to the base of the stamen and sit on very short stamens. They are obovate and about 1.5 mm long. The two counters trimmed at the top each consist of two pollen sacks and open lengthways with a slit.
The head-shaped female inflorescences are usually individually in the axils of the uppermost leaves. They are about 3 cm long with stalk, surrounded at the base by egg-shaped, brown-haired bracts and consist of 16–28 flowers . These contain only half under constant ovary consisting of two fused to each other, free only at the tip carpels is, a surrounding disc and a plurality of flaky Staminodien . The two awl, about 3 mm long, downy-haired stylus have a curved back tip. Each of the two ovary compartments contains numerous ovules on the central angular placenta .
The fruit stands are about 2 cm wide and almost spherical with a truncated base. The individual fruits are woody, two-compartment capsule fruits , which open in folds with two two-part flaps. The upper part of the style and the staminodes are no longer present in the fruit state. The brown seeds are irregularly angular. The seed coat is thick and hard. There is little endosperm .
Altingia obovata flowers from March to June and fruit from July to September.
distribution and habitat
Altingia obovata occurs only on the southern Chinese island of Hainan.
The tree species grows in evergreen mountain forests at 800–1400 m above sea level .
Taxonomy and systematics
The species was in 1935 by Elmer Drew Merrill and Chun Woon-Young described .
Since Altingia obovata differs almost only in leaf shape from the widespread and variable Altingia chinensis , some authors consider Altingia obovata only a synonym for Altingia chinensis . The great genetic similarity of both species has now been confirmed by a molecular biological study. In the same work it could also be shown that on the island of Hainan Altingia obovata was or is involved in the hybridogenic development of Semiliquidambar cathayensis together with Liquidambar formosana .
At a molecular biological study of five sections of chloroplasts - DNA has Altingia obovata as part of a hard resolvable further clade represented ( "E. Asian clade"), in addition to several Altingia TYPES even types of Liquidambar and Semiliquidambar included. After that it seems best to place the species as Liquidambar obovata (Merr. & Chun) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen to the genus Liquidambar .
etymology
The specific epithet obovata is made up of the Latin ovatus ( egg-shaped , oval ), which in turn is derived from the Latin ovum ( egg ), and the Latin ob ( opposite ). It means obovate and refers to the shape of the leaf blade. The genus Altingia is named in honor of Willem Arnold Alting (1724-1800), the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies at the time when the first descriptor Francisco Noroña visited Java .
swell
- Zhang Zhiyun, Zhang Hongda, Endress PK 2003: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae. Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 18-42. - Altingia obovata - Online.
Individual evidence
- ^ Merrill ED, Chun Woon-Young 1935: Additions to our knowledge of the Hainan flora II. Sunyatsenia 2: 203-344. - see also: Altingia obovata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 1, 2014.
- ↑ Ickert-Bond SM, Pigg KB, Wen J. 2007: Comparative infructescence morphology in Altingia (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies . American Journal of Botany 94: 1094-1115. - doi : 10.3732 / ajb.94.7.1094
- ↑ Wu Wei, Zhou Renchao, Huang Yelin, Boufford DE, Shi Suhua 2010: Molecular evidence for natural intergeneric hybridization between Liquidambar and Altingia . Journal of Plant Research 123: 231-239. - doi : 10.1007 / s10265-009-0275-z
- ↑ Ickert-Bond SM, Wen J. 2006: Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: Evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 512-528. - doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.12.003
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Liquidambar - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 15, 2018.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 427.
- ↑ Noroña F. 1790: Altingia excelsa, malaice et javanice Rasamala, Lignum papuanum Rumphii herbar. Amboin., Vol. 2. Pag. 57. Negotiations of the Bataviaasch Genootschap der Kunsten en Weetenschappen 5 (2): 1-9. - p. 6 - online