Victoria amazonica
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Victoria amazonica , flowering on the first night |
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| ( Poepp. ) JCSowerby |
Victoria amazonica , also known as the Amazon giant water lily , is a species ofthe giant water lily genus ( Victoria ) within the family of the water lily plants (Nymphaeaceae). It is in the shallow waters, as in backwaters and bayous , the Amazonian indigenous -Beckens.
Description and ecology
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Vegetative characteristics
Victoria amazonica is an herbaceous plant . The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The submerged petiole has a length of 7 to 8 meters. The leaf blade floating on the water has a diameter of up to 3 meters.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are up to 40 centimeters in diameter. The flowers are white on the first night they open and change color to pink on the second night. The pollination is done by beetles .
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Systematics and botanical history
Victoria amazonica belongs to the genus Victoria in the subfamily Nymphaeoideae within the family Nymphaeaceae , formerly Euryalaceae. Synonyms for Victoria amazonica ( Poepp. ) JCSowerby are: Euryale amazonica Poepp. , Nymphaea victoria R.H. Schomb. ex Lindl. nom. inval., Victoria amazonica Planch. ex Casp. , Victoria regia Lindl. , Victoria regia var. Randii hort. ex Conard nom. inval., Victoria regina R.H. Schomb.
The first description was made of this kind in 1836 under the name ( Basionym ) Euryale amazonica Poepp. by Eduard Friedrich Poeppig in Reise in Chile, Peru , Volume 2, p. 432 ( Frorieps Notes 35, 1832, p. 131). The current name was given in 1850 by James de Carle Sowerby in Annals and Magazine of Natural History , Ser. 2, 6, p. 310 published.
John Lindley placed in Monog in 1837. 3 the genus Victoria . In October 1837, Lindley published the name Victoria regia based on plant specimens collected by Robert Schomburgk in British Guiana . Lindley named the genus Victoria and the species Victoria regia after the recently crowned British Queen Victoria . The spelling according to Schomburgk's description in the Athenaeum , published a month earlier, was still given with Victoria Regina . Despite the fact that the spelling was adapted by the Botanical Society of London for their new emblem, Lindley's version was used throughout the 19th century.
In the first description as Euryale amazonica from 1832, Eduard Friedrich Poeppig described a similarity with Euryale ferox . A collection and description was also made by the French botanist Aimé Bonpland in 1825. In 1850, James de Carle noticed Sowerby in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. , Ser. 2, 6, 310 Poeppig's earlier description and transferred the specific epithet to amazonica . However, the new name was rejected by Lindley. The current name Victoria amazonica only caught on in the 20th century.
in the water,
beloved, admired by hearts and eyes,
stands Annie, Paxton's daughter ..."
Annie, the daughter of Joseph Paxton, is grown from a leaf of the Victoria amazonica especially for this plant Worn landscaped greenhouse in the Royal Botanic Gardens.
Published in the Illustrated London News on November 17, 1849
Under the name Victoria regia , it was once the subject of a rivalry between Victorian gardeners in England. Always on the lookout for a spectacular new species to impress their peers with, the Victorian gardeners began ( in truth, they never gardened themselves, but employed talented horticulturists such as Joseph Paxton (for Devonshire) and the forgotten Mr Ivison (for Northumberland) to maintain their properties and gardens. ) Like the Duke of Devonshire and the Duke of Northumberland, a contest to see who would be the first to cultivate this enormous "water lily" first and then to flower it. Ultimately, it was the two dukes just mentioned who achieved this, whereby Joseph Paxton (for the Duke of Devonshire) succeeded first in November 1849 by recreating the warm swampy habitat of this species (“ not just equipped with just one in winter England coal-fired heating "), and a certain" Mr. Ivison "as a second but long-term successful (for Northumberland) in Syon House .
This plant species attracted public attention and has been the subject of a number of individual scientific presentations dedicated to it. The botanical illustrations of cultivated specimens in Fitch and WJ Hooker's work Victoria Regia from 1851 received critical acclaim in the Athenaeum , " they are accurate, and they are beautiful " (Eng .: "they are accurate and they are beautiful"). The Duke of Devonshire presented Queen Victoria with one of the first flowers. The water lily with its supporting ribs on the underside of the leaf such as “carrier and holder” later inspired Paxton to build the Crystal Palace , a building four times the size of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome .
Occurrence
The giant Amazon water lily is native to Guyana , Brazil and Bolivia .
Culture conditions
This tropical aquatic plant has a winter hardiness corresponding to USDA climate zones 10-11. Although it can be cultivated outdoors in ponds and show basins over the summer in areas where there is frost, it must then be moved to frost-free rooms for wintering. Usually, like annual plants , it is sown in late winter, precultivated in containers in the greenhouse and then cared for in the show tank over the summer. In temperate botanical gardens , Victoria amazonica is often cared for in greenhouses . It does best in clear fresh water in full sun.
Coat of arms and mythology
As an illustration, Victoria amazonica is part of the coat of arms of Guyana .
Victoria amazonica also found its way into the mythology of the Guaraní , according to which the moon changed a sacrificing princess to Victoria amazonica , the "star of the waters".
gallery
In the Brno Botanical Garden
Prickly bud
Underside of sheet, detail
A freshly emerged and still unfolding leaf in Kobe Kachoen
The flower is pink on the second and last day
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Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Victoria amazonica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed May 31, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d Victoria amazonica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 28, 2013.
- ↑ a b Kit Knotts: Victoria's History . In: Victoria Adventure . Knotts. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- ↑ RHSchomb., Athenaeum 515, p. 661. Sep. 9, 1837
- ↑ a b Piers Trehane, Pagels, Walter: Victoria Regia or Victoria Regina? How A Politics Can Change A Waterlily Name . In: Letters. (cited at GRIN) . Victoria Adventure. 2001. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
- ↑ a b victoria-adventure.org : History of Victoria
- ↑ doaks.org: Online publications ( Memento of the original dated December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ chatsworth.org: garden attractions ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victoria-adventure.org : Gardeners of Victoria
- ↑ Victoria Regia: or, Illustrations of the Royal water-lily, in a series of figures chiefly made from specimens flowering at Syon and at Kew by Walter Fitch; with descriptions by Sir WJ Hooker.
- ↑ Samuel Austin Allibone: A critical dictionary of English literature and British and American authors , Volume 1. George W. Childs. 1863
- ^ H. Peter Loewer: The Evening Garden: Flowers and Fragrance from Dusk Till Dawn. Timber Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-88192-532-6 . P. 130.
- ↑ Missouri Botanical Garden data sheet .
- ↑ Brazilian Legend about the Lily pad
