Amfissa
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Amfissa municipality Δημοτική Ενότητα Αμφίσσης (Αμφίσσα) |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : |
 Greece
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| Region : |
Central Greece
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| Regional District : | Fokida | ||
| Municipality : | Delfi | ||
| Geographic coordinates : | 38 ° 32 ' N , 22 ° 23' E | ||
| Height above d. M .: | 0–180 m ( Gulf of Corinth - Krissa ) |
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| Area : | 315.174 km² | ||
| Residents : | 8,370 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 26.6 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Code No .: | 310101 | ||
| Structure: |
1 city district 7 local communities |
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| Located in the municipality of Delfi and the regional district of Fokida | |||
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The small town of Amfissa ( Greek Άμφισσα ( f. Sg. ); Latin Amphissa , 13th century - 1833 Salona ) in the Greek region of Central Greece has been the administrative seat and a municipality of the Delfi municipality since 2011 . Until then it was an independent municipality, from 1944 as a municipality (dimos) and capital of the now dissolved Prefecture of Fokida .
Location and geography
Amfissa is located in the north of the Krissa plain on its northwestern edge at the foot of Mount Elatos, a southeastern extension of the Giona massif. To the east of Amfissa, the Parnassus Mountains delimit the Krissa plain . Amfissa is located south of Lamia , northwest of Athens , Livadia and Delphi , northeast of Nafpaktos, north of Itea and east of Lidoriki . The distance to the port town of Itea on the Gulf of Itea or the Gulf of Krissa is 13 km in a southerly direction and also describes the longitudinal extent of the Krissa plain. The Krissa Plain including Amfissa is located in the Fokida Prefecture in the central part of the southern Greek mainland on the Gulf of Corinth .
history
Amfissa has been settled since ancient times. At the time of the Trojan War , it was already inhabited by Aetolians . In Greek mythology, the founders are Andraimon (son of Oxylos ) or Amphissa (a lover of Apollo ). From the 8th century BC Trade relations with Corinth and cities in the north-western Peloponnese (today's Achaia ) have been handed down. In the 7th century BC Amfissa was transformed into a city-state , which was inhabited by the Ozolian Lokrians and was also the capital of the Ozolian Lokris . 653 BC Residents of Amfissas and the surrounding area leave Greece and settle in southern Italy ( Magna Graecia ). There they founded the colony of the Episephirischen Lokrer, today's Italian town Locri . 590 BC The neighboring city of Krissa, west of Delphi, is destroyed at the end of the first holy war (600–590 BC) by an alliance of Athens , Sikyon and Thessaly ; Amfissa was not involved in this armed conflict in its immediate neighborhood. During the Second Peloponnesian War between 431 BC. BC and 404 BC The inhabitants of Amfissa took part on the side of Sparta against Athens and the Attic League . 357 BC The inhabitants of Amfissa march against the Phokers to liberate Delphis and can temporarily conquer Kirrha , the port city of Delphis, are repulsed by the Phokers under their generals Philomelus. The armed conflicts with the eastern neighbors, the Phokers, occurred repeatedly. After the death of Philomelus, the Phocians fell in 352 BC. BC once again entered the Ozolian Lokris and repressed Amfissa. Amfissa's support for the Phocians as well as the agricultural use of areas of the Krissa plain, to which the Amphictyon League and Delphi were exclusively entitled, takes place in the context of the Fourth Holy War in 338 BC. For the destruction of the city by the Macedonian king Philip II.
After the destruction in 338 BC By Philip II. Amfissa was quickly rebuilt and settled. It is still used in the 4th century BC. BC Member of the Aitolian League and rose to become one of its most important cities. In the 3rd century BC Amfissa is in full economic bloom and even mints its own coins. It continued to function as the capital of the Ozolian Lokris. 190 BC At first the Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio Amfissa besieged , then L. Scipio did not succeed in taking the city. In the following years, especially between 174 and 160 BC Chr. Is Amfissa scene of battles between the Roman Empire facing Aetolian federal government and the Roman Empire itself and Macedonia . The Romans finally subjugate Amfissa as part of their Roman province of Achaia. 27 BC After the Battle of Actium , Octavian (Emperor Augustus) founds the city of Nicopolis and orders the Aitoliians to resettle in the newly founded city. Some Aitolians oppose this request and move to Amfissa. This leads to a massive influx of people and makes Amfissa one of the largest cities in Roman-occupied Greece. As early as 180 BC According to Pausanias , Amfissa is said to have had 70,000 inhabitants. This heyday under Roman rule lasted at least 2 centuries.
In the time of the Byzantine Empire , the Galaxidi Chronicle of the monk Evthemios provides information on the history of Amfissa. The Bulgarians attacked and conquered Amfissa at the end of the 10th century AD. As part of the fall of Constantinople in the fourth crusade in 1204 and the subsequent emergence of the Latin Empire , Amfissa came under Frankish rule. At the same time, Amfissas was renamed Salona by Boniface of Montferrat , the king of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki . Salona is still a (rarely) common name for Amfissa today. Amfissa became the seat of the Baron of Salona. For 100 years up to around 1304 the Franks held the sovereignty over Amfissa and also built the castle of Amfissa during this period. After the Franks, the Catalans ruled Amfissa for a few years until the city fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1394 . During the Ottoman occupation, travelers like William Martin Leake reported on Amfissa. Amfissa would be inhabited by 300 Turkish (Ottoman) and 400 to 500 Greek families. The immediate vicinity of Amfissa is only inhabited by Greeks. Amfissa olives were already famous for their quality back then.
The Ottoman occupation ends with the beginning of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. On March 27, 1821, Amfissa is the first city in the Ottoman province of Rumelia to rise up against the Ottoman occupation forces under the leadership of Panourgia. The castle of Amfissa fell into the hands of the Greek independence fighters along with 600 Ottoman soldiers on April 10, 1821, thus ending the Ottoman occupation of Amfissa. This event is still celebrated today in Amfissa with a folk festival. In 1833 Salona was given its original name Amfissa again.
At the end of April 1941, Amfissa was conquered by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War as part of the Marita company and then placed under Italian occupation after the surrender of Greece. In the vicinity of Amfissa (Agia Efthimia, Vounichora, Segditsa) there are arson of villages and shootings in response to the brisk partisan activity. After Mussolini's fall in 1943, Amfissa comes under German occupation, which ends in October 1944 with the German withdrawal from Greece. The landscape around Amfissa, which was already advantageous in the resistance against the Italian and German occupation, especially with the inaccessible mountain range of the Giona, is also important in the Greek civil war between 1946 and 1949: Amfissa becomes the scene of many battles between the left-wing (communist) rebels and the right-wing (monarchist-nationalist) government army.
Population and administrative structure
Amfissa has been the administrative seat of the municipality of Amfissa since 1998 through the municipal reform law Schedio Kapodistrias with a total of 8 municipal districts, which are now run as localities. These are:
- Amfissa (Άμφισσα)
- Agia Efthimia (Αγία Ευθυμία)
- Agios Georgios (Άγιος Γεώργιος)
- Agios Konstantinos (Άγιος Κωνσταντίνος)
- Drosochori (Δροσοχώρι)
- Elean (Ελαιών)
- Prosilio (Προσήλιο)
- Sernikakio (Σερνικάκιο)
Amfissa's population development between 1981 and 2001 is shown in the following table:
| year | Amfissa city population | modification | Population of Amfissa municipality | modification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 7.156 | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | 7,189 | +33 / +0.4% | 9,469 | --- |
| 2001 | 6,946 | −243 / −3% | 9,248 | −221 / −2% |
Attractions
Sights in and around Amfissa are:
- Amfissa Castle
- "Wolf Cave", a Mycenaean grave in the east of Amfissa at the foot of the Kofina hill
- Byzantine church "Tou Sotiros" (του Σωτήρος), built in the 11th century AD, 3 km from Amfissa
- Metropolitan Church "Evangelismos tis Theotokou" (Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου) in the center of Amfissa with many frescoes
- Early Christian baptismal basilica (Βαπτιστήριο) from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD next to the metropolitan church
- Church of St. George (Άγιος Γεώργιος) above the city on a slope of the Parnassos Mountains
- Amfissa Archaeological Museum
- Amfissa Folklore Museum
- Wells and other buildings from the Ottoman occupation
- Bauxite visitor mine Vagonetto
Titular diocese of Salona
- List of the titular bishops of the titular diocese of Salona
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Johannes Toepffer : Amphissos . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 2, Stuttgart 1894, Sp. 1956 f.
- ↑ a b Connop Thirlwall. The History of Greece. In eight volumes. Volume V. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans. London, 1855.
- ↑ George Grote. A History of Greece. Volume XI. John Murray, London. 1853
- ^ Walter Raleigh, William Oldys, Thomas Birch. The Works of Sir Walter Ralegh. Volume VII. The history of the world. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1839
- ↑ William Martin Leake. Travels in Northern Greece. In four volumes. Volume II. J. Rodwell, London. 1835