Amomum chinense

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Amomum chinense
Systematics
Order : Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family : Ginger family (Zingiberaceae)
Subfamily : Alpinioideae
Tribe : Alpinieae
Genre : Amomum
Type : Amomum chinense
Scientific name
Amomum chinense
Chun

Amomum chinense (Syn .: Meistera chinensis ) is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It occurs in parts of Southeast Asia.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Amomum chinense grows as a creeping perennial , herbaceous plant that can reach stature heights 1-3 meters. The white to green rhizomes , which reach deep into the ground, are about 0.5 to 2 centimeters thick and covered with scales on the outside. The paper-like, outside rough, hairless and grooved light brown scales are tubular with a length of 1 to 4 centimeters with a pointed or trimmed upper end. The rhizome is about 20 to 50 centimeters long between the individual "pseudostems". Several clump-forming shoot axes or “pseudostems” go from each rhizome . On the slightly swollen base with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, the stems have green, hairless and externally grooved leaf sheaths with red edges interspersed with conspicuous leaf veins. The red to purple to reddish brown, leathery and bald ligaments are 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters long; their upper end is rounded to marginalized and the edges are ciliated.

Each stem has about 15 leaves . These are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The green runny leaf stalk is grooved and glabrous and is very short with a length of 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters. The simple leaf blade is 16 to 33 centimeters long and 4 to 8 centimeters wide, elongated through elongated-elliptical to elliptical with a tapering leaf base and long tailed, approximately 2 centimeters long upper end. The upper side of the leaf is bare just like the whitish and blue underside of the leaf. The leaf blades have a conspicuous, whitish leaf veins on the underside. The leaf margins are entire.

Generative characteristics

At least in Hainan, the flowering period includes the months of April and May and the fruits ripen there between June and August. About 5 centimeters away from the stem base from the rhizome develops on a 5 to 20 centimeter long and about 0.3 centimeter thick, pink-red to whitish-brown and with the exception of the bald base felty hairy inflorescence shaft with a diameter of about 3 to 4 centimeters elliptical over spherical to top-shaped, spike-like inflorescence in which about 20 flowers are close together. Two to three inflorescences are formed per stem and about four flowers bloom at the same time. The inflorescence stem is covered with light pink to dark brown, leathery, grooved and hairless to tomentose hairy scales with bald or ciliate edges and a cap-shaped to rounded upper end, which can be shaped differently. The scales at the base of the shaft are tubular with a length of 1.3 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of around 0.6 centimeters, while in the upper shaft area they are broadly egg-shaped to lanceolate and between 3.5 and 4 centimeters long and Be 1 to 1.5 inches wide. The greenish pink to purple to dark brown, tomentose, grooved and leathery bracts with a length of 1 to 3 centimeters and a width of 1 to 1.5 centimeters are lanceolate to ovate to boat-shaped with cap-shaped to rounded upper ends and ciliate or bare edges. Each of the bracts has a single flower and falls off after a short time. The light pink, membrane-like, 1.5 to 2 centimeters long and around 0.6 centimeters wide bracts are fused at their base to form a 1 to 1.1 centimeter long, tomentose-haired tube on the outside, which is serrated twice. The serrated tip is 0.5 to 0.6 inches long.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with double, pink to white perianth . The three light pink to light brown, membrane-like sepals with red dots at the base are fused together in a tubular shape over a length of 1 to 1.2 centimeters and are 1.5 to 1.7 centimeters long and about 0, 4 centimeters about the same length as the corolla tube. They are triple-toothed, the calyx teeth being 0.2 to 0.3 centimeters long and, with the exception of the felty hairy base, have a hairless outside and a pointed tip. The three light pink to white and 3 to 3.2 cm long, membrane-like and bald petals are fused to form a 1.5 to 1.6 cm long, leathery and externally grooved and downy-haired corolla tube with a felt-haired base. There are also three light pink to white and hairless, membrane-like and inverted-lanceolate corolla lobes. The middle corolla lobe is about 1.5 centimeters long and 0.8 to 1 centimeter wide with a cap-shaped upper end. The two lateral crown lobes are slightly narrower with a length of 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 0.7 centimeters and also have a cap-shaped upper end. Only the middle of the stamens of the inner circle is fertile . The fertile stamen has a flattened, 0.3 to 0.4 centimeter long, bare, white stamen . The two white halves of the hairless anthers are elongated with a length of 0.7 to 0.8 centimeters and a width of around 0.5 centimeters. The three staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum . The 1.5 to 1.7 centimeters long and around 1 centimeter wide, membrane-like and triangular-egg-shaped labellum is white to whitish-pinkish-red with a yellow or purple stripe in the middle which is bordered by red dots; it is covered at its base with two rows of long hair and has a stranded, 0.5 to 0.6 centimeter long tip. The lateral, white staminodes are elongated with a length of around 0.2 centimeters. Three carpels are a dreikammerigen, villous occupied with white or yellow hair, spherical with a diameter of about 0.4 centimeters ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains about 30 ovules . The stylus is hairless and ends in a leathery, rounded and hairless scar with ciliated tip.

The brown shaft of the infructescence is hairless, 15 to 20 centimeters long and about 0.3 centimeters thick. There are more than ten capsule fruits in an approximately 5 centimeter long and equally thick fruit cluster . The spherical to ellipsoidal capsule fruits, with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, are initially cream-colored at the base and red at the tip, and when ripe they turn dark red. The felty hairy surface of the fruits is covered with simple or branched, soft thorns . Each of the three fruit compartments contains around 30 seeds. The bald, yellowish seeds are spherical with a diameter of about 3 millimeters.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

Occurrence

The natural range of Amomum chinense is in Southeast Asia . It extends over the Chinese province of Hainan , as well as parts of the countries Cambodia , Laos , Thailand and Vietnam .

The species thrives at altitudes of 90 to 650 meters where it grows on different types of soil in deciduous mixed forests and open forests.

Taxonomy

It was first described as Amomum chinense in 1977 by Woon Young Chun in Flora Hainanica , Volume 4, Page 101.

use

In Laos, the slightly sweet and sour tasting fruits are eaten. The seeds, which taste like camphor , are used in folk medicine for toothache.

Hazard and protection

Amomum chinense is in the red list of the IUCN out "not at risk" since 2011 as well. The species population is considered stable. The loss of habitat due to the conversion of forest areas into arable land in some parts of the distribution area is cited as the main endangerment factor.

swell

  • Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
  • Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae . Amomum. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Volume 24. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1977, Amomum chinense , p. 354 (English, " Amomum chinense - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae . Amomum. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Volume 24. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1977, Amomum chinense , p. 354 (English, " Amomum chinense - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
  3. ↑ a b c Meistera chinensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong, 2011. Accessed April 30, 2018th
  4. ↑ Amomum chinense at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 30, 2018.

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