Amomum echinocarpum
| Amomum echinocarpum | ||||||||||||
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| Amomum echinocarpum | ||||||||||||
| Alston |
Amomum echinocarpum is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It occurs in Sri Lanka , in Southeast Asia and on some islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Amomum echinocarpum grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant that can reach heights of up to 1.8 meters. The white to brown rhizomes are about 0.5 to 1 centimeter thick and covered with scales on the outside. The paper-like, hairless and grooved red to brown scales are tubular with a length of 1 to 3 centimeters with a pointed upper end. The rhizome is about 10 centimeters long between the individual "pseudostems". From each rhizome two to three clump-forming shoot axes or "pseudostems" go off. On the slightly swollen base with a diameter of 0.8 to 1 centimeter, the stems have green, hairless and externally grooved grooved leaf sheaths with ciliate upper edges. The light green, leathery and bald ligules are about 0.1 to 0.3 inches long; its upper end is trimmed.
Each stem has about 19 leaves . These are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The green runny leaf stalk is hairless and is very short with a length of about 0.1 to 0.2 centimeters. The simple leaf blade is oblong with a length of 12 to 30 centimeters and a width of 3 to 7 centimeters with a pointed leaf base and a long tailed upper end, which is about 2 centimeters long. The glossy green upper side of the leaf is just like the light green underside with the exception of the leaf veins hairless. The leaf blades show a conspicuous and hairy primary leaf veins on the underside. The leaf margins are entire.
Generative characteristics
In addition to or directly on the stem base from the rhizome long and thick about 0.5 centimeters, red, grooved and hairless inflorescence stem develops on an approximately 15 centimeters for a length approximately 5 centimeters and a diameter of about 4 centimeters egg-shaped inflorescence in which the flowers are close together. One to two inflorescences are formed per stem and about four flowers bloom at the same time. The inflorescence shaft is covered with red to reddish brown, leathery, grooved and hairless to rough scales with pointed upper ends, which are tubular in the lower area and 1 to 1.5 centimeters long and about 0.3 centimeters wide while they are in the upper shaft area with a length of 3 to 3.5 centimeters and a width of 1 to 1.2 centimeters are lanceolate in shape. The dark brown, outside bare and grooved bracts are boat-shaped with a pointed upper end with a length of 2 to 2.5 centimeters and a width of 0.7 to 1 centimeters. Each of the bracts has a single flower and falls off after a short time. The light brown, membrane-like 1 to 1.2 centimeters long and around 0.3 centimeters wide bracts are fused at their base to form a 0.7 to 0.9 centimeter long tube with fine hair on the outside, which is double-serrated. The serrated tip is 0.2 to 0.3 inches long and is pointed to cap-shaped. Like the bracts, the bracts fall off after a short time.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with double, white perianth . The three translucent, white, membrane-like sepals are fused together in a tubular shape over a length of 0.7 to 0.8 centimeters and are slightly longer than with a length of 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters and a width of around 0.3 centimeters the corolla tube. They are double-toothed, the calyx teeth are 0.4 to 0.8 inches long and have a hairless outside and a pointed tip. The three white and 2.8 to 3 centimeters long, leathery petals are fused to form a 1.3 to 1.5 centimeter long and also bald corolla tube. There are three also white and hairless, membrane-like corolla lobes. The middle corolla lobe is 1.5 to 1.7 inches long and 0.9 to 1.2 inches wide with a cap-shaped upper end. The two lateral crown lobes are a bit narrower with a length of around 1.5 centimeters and a width of 0.6 to 0.7 centimeters and also have a cap-shaped upper end. Only the middle of the stamens of the inner circle is fertile . The fertile stamen has a flattened, 0.3 to 0.4 centimeter long, hairless, white stamen . The two white halves of the hairless anthers are elongated at a length of about 0.8 centimeters and a width of 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters. The staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum , which can sometimes be split in two. The membrane-like labellum, about 1.5 centimeters long and 1.2 to 1.3 centimeters wide, is white with a yellow stripe in the middle which is bordered by lines with red dots; it is covered with long white hair at the base and has wavy edges. The side, white and red dotted staminodes are elongated with a length of around 0.3 centimeters. Three carpels are a dreikammerigen, hairy and prickly and spherical with a diameter of about 0.4 centimeters ovary grown. Each of the spherical ovary chamber contains three to five ovules . The stylus is hairy and ends in a rounded and also hairy scar with ciliated tip.
The reddish shaft of the infructescence is hairless, about 10 to 15 centimeters long and about 0.5 centimeters thick. There are about ten capsule fruits in an approximately 5 centimeter thick fruit cluster . The spherical capsule fruits with a diameter of 0.8 to 1 centimeter are light green in color. The surface of the fruit is hairy and prickly. Each of the three fruit compartments contains around three to five seeds. The bare seeds are spherical in shape with a diameter of about 4 millimeters.
Occurrence
The natural range of Amomum echinocarpum is in parts of South and Southeast Asia and north of Australia. It stretches from Sri Lanka via Laos , Myanmar and the Indonesian islands of Java and Sulawesi to New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago .
The species thrives at least in Laos and Myanmar at altitudes of 1034 to 1103 meters, while otherwise it also grows in the lowlands in shady locations in summer and evergreen forests.
Taxonomy
It was first described as Amomum echinocarpum in 1931 by Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston in A Hand-book to the Flora of Ceylon , Volume 6, Page 283. A synonym for Amomum echinocarpum Alston is Amomum echinatum Thwaites . In Amomum echinocarpum is a species complex and after detailed investigations, several types could be split in the future.
Hazard and protection
Amomum echinocarpum has not been assigned to a hazard category in the IUCN Red List since 2011 due to the imprecise data situation. This is because the species complex has not yet been researched in more detail and could be split into several species in the future.
swell
- Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
- ↑ a b c Meistera echinocarpa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong, 2011. Retrieved on 12 May 2018th
- ↑ Amomum echinocarpum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 12, 2018.
Web links
- Meistera echinocarpa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong, 2011. Retrieved on 12 May 2018th