Amomum fulviceps
| Amomum fulviceps | ||||||||||||
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| Amomum fulviceps | ||||||||||||
| Thwaites |
Amomum fulviceps is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It occurs in southern India and Sri Lanka .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Amomum fulviceps grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant that can reach heights of 1.6 to 2 meters. The woody, hard and fibrous rhizomes run more or less underground and are covered with scales on the outside. Several green shoot axes branch off from each rhizome . At the swollen base, the stems have fluffy, hairy, green leaf sheaths with translucent edges that are between 2.5 and 4 centimeters wide. The entire, leathery and green ligule are hairless and 1.7 to 1.9 centimeters long; its upper end is approximately rounded.
Each stem has 12 to 14 leaves. The alternately arranged, two-line leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 1.5 inches long and furrowed on the top. The simple leaf blade is 35 to 40 centimeters long and 6 to 7 centimeters wide and lanceolate with a pointed leaf base and a pointed upper end. The dark green upper side of the leaf is hairless just like the pale colored underside of the leaf. The bare midrib is green and the leaves have numerous hairless leaf veins. The wavy edges of the leaf are translucent.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period as well as the fruit ripeness of Amomum fulviceps covers the months February to April. Directly from the rhizome, an annual inflorescence develops on a 5 to 8 centimeter long inflorescence shaft , which is 10 to 14.5 centimeters long and 4 to 5 centimeters wide and in which numerous flowers stand close together. However, only two to four flowers bloom at the same time. The red and on the outside fluffy hairy bracts are egg-shaped with a length of 2.5 to 3.2 centimeters and a width of 0.9 to 1.6 centimeters with pointed or rounded upper end and ciliate edges. Each of the bracts has a single flower. The pink bracts are fused into a 1.4 to 1.7 centimeter long and 0.3 to 0.4 centimeter wide tube, which is lobed twice. The two lobes are approximately the same or unequal in size, have lashed edges and are covered on the outside with yellowish-brown hair.
The hermaphroditic, pale yellow flowers are 3.6 to 4 centimeters long and zygomorphic and triple with double perianth . The three outside hairy, pale pink-red sepals are fused together in a tubular shape and are slightly longer than the corolla tube with a length of 2 to 2.2 centimeters and a width of 0.3 to 0.4 centimeters. All three sepals are hairy at the tip. The pale yellow and at the base pink petals are fused to a 1.8 to 2 centimeter long and around 0.3 centimeter wide corolla tube with three also pale yellow corolla lobes, which are downy on the outside and densely hairy on the inside at the tube opening. The middle, bald on the inside, corolla lobe is egg-shaped with a pocket-shaped upper end with a length of 1.4 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of 0.8 to 0.9 centimeters. With a length of 1.4 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 0.6 centimeters, the two lateral corolla lobes are slightly narrower and elongated and are folded inwards on one side at the tip. Only the middle of the 1.1 to 1.2 cm long stamens of the inner circle is fertile ; it has a 4 to 5 millimeter long and 2 to 2.5 millimeter wide, creamy-white stamen, sparsely haired on the outside and more densely haired on the inside . The two cream-colored halves of the dust bag are elongated with a length of about 0.7 centimeters and a width of about 0.1 centimeters. Three of the staminodes of the inner circle have fused to form a pale yellow obovate labellum , which is 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters long and 1 to 1.1 centimeters wide. The labellum has an entire edge and is densely covered with hair on the inside along the central axis, but otherwise hairless. The lateral, hairless staminodes are 0.1 to 0.2 centimeters long. Three carpels are long to a dreikammerigen and 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters and 0.3 to 0.35 centimeters wide, hairy, more or less reversed-conical ovary grown, with numerous ovules in each ovary chamber. The 3 to 3.2 centimeters long, linearly shaped stylus is densely hairy. The almost spherical, red speckled scar has a diameter of around 1 millimeter.
Each inflorescence can form three to six capsule fruits , which are located in a 11 to 18.5 centimeter long and 4 to 4.5 centimeter wide infructescence. With a diameter of 1.5 to 3 centimeters, the capsule fruits are colored red when ripe. They have a downy, hairy and prickly surface and contain many seeds. The brownish red seeds are 3 to 4 millimeters long, 4 to 5 millimeters wide and have a white aril .
Occurrence
The natural range of Amomum fulviceps is in Sri Lanka and in the state of Kerala in southern India . In India, the distribution area includes known so far as is in the district Thiruvananthapuram located Agasthyamala Hills . It is found there at altitudes of over 1200 to 2000 meters, where it grows in evergreen forests.
Taxonomy
The first description as Amomum fulviceps was in 1861 by George Henry Kendrick Thwaites in Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae , page 317. A synonym for Amomum fulviceps Thwaites is Phaeomeria fulviceps (Thwaites) K.Schum. The specific epithet fulviceps is derived from the Latin fulvous , which means yellowish brown and indicates the yellowish brown hairs on the bracts, bracts , sepals and ovaries.
swell
- VP Thomas, E. Sanoj, M. Sabu & AV Prasanth: On the identity and occurrence of Amomum fulviceps (Zingiberaceae) in India . In: Rheedea . tape 19 , no. 1 . Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy, 2009, p. 13-17 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g VP Thomas, E. Sanoj, M. Sabu & AV Prasanth: On the identity and occurrence of Amomum fulviceps (Zingiberaceae) in India . In: Rheedea . tape 19 , no. 1 . Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy, 2009, p. 13-17 (English).
- ↑ Amomum fulviceps at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved February 17, 2018.