Andreas Church (Düsseldorf)

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St. Andrew from the northeast
Andreaskirche, view of the high altar
Andreaskirche, high altar in the choir
Andreaskirche, high altar in detail
View of Düsseldorf with St. Andrew's Church in the middle , painting by Jan van der Heyden and Adriaen van de Velde , 1667

The Andreaskirche is a monastery church in the old town of Düsseldorf, which has been looked after by the Dominicans since 1972 . The owner of the church building, which is under monument protection, is the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , which took over the church patronage from the Free State of Prussia .

historical development

church

The Andreas Church was the court and Jesuit church in the residential city of Düsseldorf . Hereditary Prince Wolfgang Wilhelm converted to Catholicism in 1613 against the will of his father Philipp Ludwig in order to assert the interests of the Palatinate-Neuburg family against his main adversary Johann Sigismund von Brandenburg in the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute . After taking office in 1614, Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm called the Jesuits to the Duchy of Jülich-Berg in 1619 .

As early as 1620, Wolfgang Wilhelm had acquired a large property in the Hunsrückstrasse area with a house, yard and garden for the Jesuits from the widow Johann von Ossenbruchs for 7,400 Reichstaler and a “waiver penny” of 150 Reichstalers. The house was inhabited by the Jesuits in 1621 and two more houses were given as a gift in 1622. The eastern area of ​​the property, mostly garden area, was used as a building site for a church planned at the suggestion of this order. The sovereign supported the construction with 4,000 Reichstalers. The foundation stone of this church, consecrated to the Apostle Andreas , took place on July 5, 1622 with the blessing by the Cologne Auxiliary Bishop Otto Gereon .

The building program of the Jesuit Church follows the patterns of the South German Baroque and the church building of the time of the Counter Reformation . The interior design of the house of God is particularly modeled on the Neuburg Court Church . The main construction phase of the church was completed by 1629 and the first service took place on November 29th of that year. The interior work on the church was not finished in 1629. From 1632, the stucco work in the church was changed extensively by Johannes Kuhn , as the duke did not like the first execution. In 1635 the work on the church was not yet finished, as the collection was continued for the expansion of the church. These collections did not end until 1661. The court church was an important center of musical culture in Düsseldorf during the time in residence under the Wittelsbach family. This is evidenced by the appointment of Johann Hugo von Wilderer as court organist to St. Andreas at the end of the 17th century.

During the Seven Years' War , Düsseldorf was besieged by the Prussians on July 6, 1758, and shot at by their artillery on the left bank of the Rhine. In addition to the damage to many houses in the western part of the city, St. Andrew's Church was also affected by this bombardment. During the time of the French occupation of the city from 1759, the church was used as a hospital in 1761. After the end of the war, the obelisks on the upper facade were demolished in 1765 because of the war damage and extensive restorations followed from 1780 to 1781 to repair the other war damage. This was followed in the second half of the 17th century by the establishment of the Jesuit college to the west of the church , today's town hall .

After the abolition of the Jesuit order in August 1773, its goods fell to the Jülich-Bergisch tax authorities. As a result, St. Andrew's Church served as a parish church. After the St. Lambertus Church was the only responsible parish church for the area "Old Town without Carlstadt" at the beginning of the 19th century , St. Andreas was canonically established as the second parish church for this area by the coadjutor and later Archbishop of Cologne Johannes von Scourge .

The church was badly damaged in World War II . The dome roofs were burned and the high altar with church windows and sacristy were completely destroyed. The reconstruction took place from 1960 to 1971 including the installation of a new high altar for which Ewald Mataré contributed designs.

From March 1, 1972, the Dominican Order took over the pastoral care of St. Andrew. A year later, the Dominican monastery in Düsseldorf was relocated from Herzogstraße to the old town, and the St. Andrew's Church has also been the monastery church of the order since then.

On January 1, 2005, the parishes of St. Andreas and St. Lambertus, which had been separate until then, were merged into one parish in the old town of Düsseldorf under the patronage of St. Lambertus.

mausoleum

Already Duke Wolfgang William had specified in his will that he should be buried in a grave lay the family in the St. Andrew's Church. At the time of his death in 1653 there were only two tombs in the basement of the church under the main altar. One crypt was used for the burial of the Jesuits and the second for members of the ducal family. The first was the wife Anna Katharina Konstanze Wasa (1619-1651), born princess of Poland-Lithuania and Sweden , to be buried in this crypt by the Hereditary Duke Philipp Wilhelm on October 8, 1651 . The coffin of Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm followed on May 14, 1653. When Elector Jan Wellem died, he was buried in this crypt on August 3, 1716.

By Elector Karl Philipp , the successor to Jan Wellem, the building was one on September 1, 1716 mausoleum as grave lay the Dusseldorf Wittelsbach from the house Neuburg granted. To finance the construction, some houses on Krämerstrasse , which Jan Wellem had acquired, were auctioned for 13,500 Reichstaler.

The mausoleum was built from 1716 to the end of August 1717 by the Venetian master builder Simon del Sarto and is located on the north side of the church. The magnificent sarcophagus of Elector Jan Wellem, who died in 1716, was reburied in this new burial place, as were the coffins of other family members. The royal bronze sarcophagus designed and cast by his court architect Gabriel Grupello .

Initiated by a report by the Düsseldorf tribunal judge Theodor von Haupt from November 1819 to the Prussian government about the neglected condition of the crypt with partly open, partly shattered coffins, government and building councilor Adolph von Vagedes presented plans in 1820 for a worthy redesign of the burial chapel, the however, it was discarded because of the cost. A simple renovation was not carried out until 1875, during which the still soldered coffin was opened by Elector Jan Wellem and resealed after examination. The interior of the mausoleum was finally restored in 1935 with a new stone floor and windows. After being damaged in World War II, Ewald Mataré restored the mausoleum in 1958, from which the glass windows, the candlesticks and the names embedded in the floor come from.

Furnishing

Inside the church, stucco work from the early and late baroque period dominates. A large part of the stucco work was done by the lime cutter Johannes Kuhn, who was commissioned to decorate the church in 1632. The stucco work in the choir, which was extended in the 18th century, is believed to have been made by Antonio Rizzi. In the side aisles there are life-size statues of the Twelve Apostles, the Evangelists and various saints of the Jesuit order. The baroque high altar was destroyed in the Second World War. Paul Clemen describes this in Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz :

“[The] high altar is a mighty, richly decorated structure, which is connected to the side walls by arches with doors, over which the figures of the hh. Ignatius, Aloysius, Franziskus, Xaverius, Aloysius Gonzaga, the two outer kneeling, are set up. The high polygonal architrave, which again bears the curved, broken gable, rises above a well-structured base on six columns with gilded Corinthian capitals. The coronation is a painting of the rising Madonna in an oval frame with radiant sun, on which two angels sit holding a crown. Angels kneel to one side, pointing out the process in the middle, behind them S. Ignatius and S. Aloysius, two urns at the end. The central field, which opens above the tabernacle crowned with a pelican, is closed by a drapery of purple velvet, behind which an older, life-size painted crucifix from the 16th century is visible. In the middle on a high tower a small wooden figure of the Madonna with the child on earth and crescent between two angels, at the top the richly gilded electoral coat of arms. "

In 1959–1960, the German sculptor Ewald Mataré redesigned the chancel: the three-step pedestal, altar and tabernacle as well as the white marble staircase with flight of stairs, the tapestry and the windows are based on his design.

The altarpieces on the two side altars - on the left the "Queen of Heaven" by Ernst Deger (1809-1889), on the right "Christ on the Scourge Column" by Julius Hübner (1806-1882) - are works by the Düsseldorf School of Painting . They were commissioned by the art association for the Rhineland and Westphalia in 1836 at the latest . The two paintings were presented to the public for the first time at the general assembly of the association in August 1837. But while Deger's "Queen of Heaven" soon became one of the most popular religious pictures at the Düsseldorf School of Painting, Huebner's picture soon came under criticism, among other things because of its naked depiction of the suffering Savior. Nevertheless, both images were copied several times in the following decades. In 1839, for example, the Kunstverein issued a copper engraving by Deger's “Himmelskönigin” as a “premium sheet” to its members.

In the church treasury of St. Andreas, some pieces of furniture from other Düsseldorf patronage churches have been preserved, which were transferred to the St. Andrew's Church after their dissolution. This includes, among other things, the long-lost high altar sheet “The Baptism of Christ” by Franz Ittenbach (1813–1879) from the Düsseldorf garrison church , which was demolished in 1906 and which goes back to a competition held by the Kunstverein in 1847. The treasure chambers on the gallery set up in 2009 also show a depiction of the “Lamentation of Christ” (1853) by Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow (1788–1862), which the artist gave to his confessor at St. Andrew's Church.

organ

Organ of St. Andreas (2015)

The organ goes back to an instrument that was built by Peter Kemper in 1782. The case was created by Bernhard Orlinski and Josef Zimmermann. The instrument was equipped with electro-pneumatic action in 1900 . In 1953 the instrument, which was damaged in World War II, was rebuilt by the Fabritius organ building company and the disposition was expanded by 18 stops . In the years 1970/71 the organ was rebuilt by the organ building company von Beckerath , and extensively renovated by the same company in 2003 and equipped with a setting system.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Playing flute 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Coupling flute 4 ′
6th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th octave 2 ′
8th. Cornet IV-V (from f 0 ) 8th'
9. Mixture IV-VI
10. Zimbel III
11. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
12. Gemshorn 8th'
13. Tube bare 8th'
14th Voix Celeste 8th'
15th Principal 4 ′
16. Flute Traversière 4 ′
17th Schweitzerpfeife 2 ′
18th Oktavlein 1'
19th Mixture V
20th bassoon 16 ′
21st Hautbois 8th'
22nd Clarion 4 ′
Tremulant
III Rückpositiv C – g 3
23. Dumped 8th'
24. Prestant 4 ′
25th Pipe flute 4 ′
26th Fifth flute 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Duplicate 2 ′
28. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
29 Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
30th Scharff IV
31. Bear whistle 16 ′
32. Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
33. Principal 16 ′
34. Sub-bass 16 ′
35. Octave bass 8th'
36. Beard pipe 8th'
37. Chorale bass 4 ′
38. Night horn 2 ′
39. Backset V
40. trombone 16 ′
41. Trumpet 8th'
42. shawm 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids : 6 general combinations, Zimbelstern (8 bells)

Bells

The ringing consists of a total of six bronze bells. The bells are distributed across both towers.

No. patron Nominal Casting year Caster
1 Christ the King d '= 0 1954 Petit & Edelbrock Gescher
2 Ignatius e '+ 2 1954 Petit & Edelbrock Gescher
3 Andreas g '+ 2 1954 Petit & Edelbrock Gescher
4th Francis Xaverius a '+ 2 1954 Petit & Edelbrock Gescher
5 Joseph h '+ 2 1954 Petit & Edelbrock Gescher
6th Catherine d '' + 2 1643 Hemony Utrecht brothers

photos

  • facade

  • Longhouse from the east

  • Longhouse to the east

  • Longhouse
    arcades and galleries

  • Stucco ceiling of the nave

  • Stucco in the aisle

  • Stuck in the nave arcades

  • pulpit

  • Bust of the church founder Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg

  • Mausoleum as a polygonal chapel in front of the apse of the nave

literature

  • Anselm Friedrich Anton von Reiffenberg: Historia societatis Jesu ad Rhenum inferiorem . Cologne 1764 (unfinished)
  • Ulrich Brzosa: The history of the Catholic Church in Düsseldorf: From the beginnings to secularization . Cologne, Weimar, Vienna; Böhlau Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-412-11900-8 , p. 277 ff.
  • Karl Leopold Strauven : The princely mausoleums of Düsseldorf in the St. Lambertuskirche, the Kreuzbrüder- und Hof- (St. Andreas) church. , Dusseldorf 1879. Digitalisat the ULB Dusseldorf
  • Jürgen Rainer Wolf : The mausoleum of Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz at St. Andreas zu Düsseldorf - an unknown work by Simon von Sarto 1716–1717 , in: Elias H. Füllenbach / Antonin Walter (Red.), St. Andreas in Düsseldorf - The court church and its treasures. On the 350th birthday of Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz , ed. from Dominikanerkloster Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-89978-090-1 , pp. 65–83.
  • Siegfried Gohr u. Vanessa Sondermann : Ewald Mataré in Düsseldorf and the surrounding area , ed. Academy Gallery - The New Collection, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-7700-1355-5 .
  • Elias H. Füllenbach : St. Andreas in the Düsseldorf old town , in: Bettina Baumgärtel (ed.), Locations of the Düsseldorf school of painting. Traces of the Artists in Düsseldorf (Rheinische Kunststätten 528), Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-86526-069-7 , pp. 68–69.
  • Jürgen Wiener : Düsseldorf St. Andreas (Small Art Guide 1033), 2nd revised. Ed., Editing: Elias H. Füllenbach, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7954-4764-9 .
  • Klaus Jörns: The stucco decoration in the former Jesuit and court church St. Andreas in Düsseldorf . Grupello, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-89978-254-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ludwig Küpper: History of the Catholic Community of Düsseldorf , p. 84 , in History of the City of Düsseldorf: in twelve treatises; Festschrift for the 600th anniversary, ed. from the Düsseldorf History Association. Düsseldorf, Kraus, 1888
  2. ^ F. Küch, in: Yearbook of the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein / On the building history of the Andreas Church , 1897, Volume 11, p. [78] 74.
  3. ^ JF Wilhelmi: Panorama of Düsseldorf and its surroundings. JHC Schreiner'sche Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1828, p. 74 f.
  4. ^ A b c Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary, section: History of the Catholic community in Düsseldorf 1888, p. [101] 84. Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Kaps, in: PDF description of St. Andreas Church with Mausoleum , 2009, p. 6. Online version
  6. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary , 1888, p. [392] 375. Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Kaps, in: PDF description of St. Andreas Church with Mausoleum , 2009, p. 10. Online version
  8. ↑ a b c Wolfgang Kaps, in: PDF description of St. Andreas Church with Mausoleum , 2009, p. 9. Online version
  9. ^ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary , 1888, p. [115] 98. Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf
  10. ^ In: Online information of the St. Lambertus Church in Düsseldorf .
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Kaps, in: PDF description of St. Andreas Church with Mausoleum , 2009, p. 13. Online version
  12. ↑ Paul Kauhausen: The story of the Dusseldorf mausoleum , issued by the home club Düsseldorf Jonges eV, Dusseldorf 1935, pp 8-16
  13. ^ Paul Clemen: The Art Monuments of the Rhine Province III. Volume I. The art monuments of the city and the district of Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf 1894, p. 28
  14. ^ Elias H. Füllenbach, St. Andreas in the Düsseldorf Old Town, in: Places of the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Traces of the Artists in Düsseldorf, ed. from the Rhenish Association for the Preservation of Monuments and Landscape Protection, Neuss 2011 (= Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 528), pp. 68–69.
  15. ↑ Cf. Cordula Grewe, Wilhelm Schadow. Catalog raisonné of the paintings with a selection of the associated drawings and prints, Petersberg 2017, pp. 150–152.
  16. ↑ Bell Book City of Düsseldorf. Retrieved March 30, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : St. Andreas Düsseldorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 38.7 "  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 30.9"  E