Andronikos Palaiologos (Thessaloniki)

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Andronikos Palaiologos as a child in despot regalia. Detail from a contemporary miniature in the Louvre

Andronikos Palaiologos ( Middle Greek Ἀνδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος , as a monk Akakios ; * 1400 in Monemvasia ; † March 4, 1429 probably in Constantinople ) was a Byzantine despot and last governor of Thessaloniki .

Life

Andronikos was the third son of Emperor Manuel II and Helena Dragaš ; his maternal grandfather was the Serbian prince Konstantin Dragaš . The later emperors John VIII and Constantine XI. were also his brothers like Theodoros II. Palaiologos , Demetrios Palaiologos and Thomas Palaiologos , who ruled as despots in Morea . He had several children, including Johannes, mentioned as a despot in 1419 .

At the time of Andronikos' birth Manuel II was. On a multi-year trip abroad in order to European princes for help in the fight against the Ottoman Sultan I. Bayezid to advertise. As a toddler, the boy survived a serious illness that cost his eldest brother Constantine his life; After that, however, he never became completely healthy in his life.

After the death of his cousin John VII, who died childless , Andronikos was elevated to the rank of despot in the autumn of 1408 while still a child and was appointed as the new imperial governor in the “ theme ” of Thessaloniki ; At that time the Apanage consisted only of the city and its immediate surroundings. Until he came of age around 1415 he was under the supervision of General Demetrios Leontares .

When Andronikos' older brother John VIII took over the affairs of state in Constantinople for the seriously ill Manuel II in 1422, Byzantium was faced with an increasingly hostile Ottoman Empire. The new Sultan Murad II , who besieged Constantinople unsuccessfully in 1422 , imposed a blockade on Thessaloniki the following year. In view of the massive military threat and a serious suffering from leprosy , Andronikos entered into negotiations with the Venetians on Negroponte - against opposition in the Orthodox clergy and in parts of the population . They took possession of Thessaloniki on September 13, 1423 against the payment of 50,000 ducats and were able to hold the city against the Turks for another seven years.

The abdicated despot initially lived with his son Johannes in Mantineia in the Peloponnese . Because of his illness he soon retired as a monk under the name of Akakios to Constantinople in the Pantocrator monastery (according to other sources in the Vatopedi monastery on Mount Athos ). Blinded and disfigured by elephantiasis , he died there on March 4, 1429.

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literature

  • John W. Barker: Manuel II Paleologus (1391-1425). A Study in Late Byzantine Statesmanship. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ 1969, ISBN 0-8135-0582-8 , pp. 495, 599-600.
  • Franz Dölger (Ed.): From the treasure chambers of the Holy Mountain. 115 documents and 50 document seals from 10 centuries. Text tape / table tape. Münchner Verlag, Munich 1948, pp. 70, 87.
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Деспот Андроник Палеолог у Солуну. In: Зборник радова Филозофског факултета У Београду. Vol. 10-1, 1968, ISSN  0350-848X , pp. 227-235.
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Деспоти у Византији и Јужнословенским земљама (= Посебна издашиа .ул. Bd. 336; Византо. Српска академија наука и уметности, Београд 1960, pp. 97–99.
  • Rodolphe Guilland: Recherches sur l'histoire administrative de l'Empire Byzantin: Le despote, δεσπότης. In: Revue des études byzantines. Vol. 17, 1959, ISSN  0766-5598 , pp. 52-89, here: pp. 71-72.
  • Ljubomir Maksimović: The Byzantine Provincial Administration Under the Paloiologoi. Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1988, ISBN 90-256-0968-6 , pp. 93, 145, 200.
  • Donald M. Nicol : The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993, ISBN 0-521-43991-4 , pp. 322-335.
  • Averkios Th. Papadopulos: Attempting a Genealogy of Palaiologists, 1259–1453. Pilger-Druckerei, Munich 1938 (reprinted by Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1962), pp. 61–62, No. 93.
  • Alexios G. Savvides, Benjamin Hendrickx (Eds.): Encyclopaedic Prosopographical Lexicon of Byzantine History and Civilization . Vol. 1: Aaron – Azarethes . Brepols Publishers, Turnhout 2007, ISBN 978-2-503-52303-3 , pp. 247-248.
  • Peter Schreiner : Chronological investigations into the family Manuels II. In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift . Vol. 63, 1970, pp. 285-299, here: pp. 286-289, 293.
  • Alexander Sideras : The Byzantine funerary speeches. Prosopography, dating, tradition. 142 epitaphs and monodies from the Byzantine millennium (= Viennese Byzantine Studies. Vol. 19). Böhlau, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2159-8 , pp. 591-598.
  • Alexander Sideras: New Sources on Andronikos Palaiologos. In: Byzantine Journal . Vol. 80, 1987, pp. 3-15.
  • Iohannis Spatharakis: The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts (= Byzantina Neerlandica. Vol. 6). EJ Brill, Leiden 1976, ISBN 90-04-04783-2 , p. 140, plate 93.
  • Erich Trapp , Hans-Veit Beyer, Sokrates Kaplaneres: Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit . 9. Fascicle: [Ογουζάλπης] - Πέτκος (= Publications of the Commission for Byzantine Studies . Vol. 1/9). Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-7001-1641-1 , pp. 79–80 No. 21427.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See PLP 9, p. 79.
  2. ↑ Cf. Papadopulos, Genealogie , p. 61 f .; Sideras, New Sources , p. 14 f.
  3. ↑ See PLP 9, p. 79.
  4. ↑ See Nicol, Last Centuries , p. 326.
  5. ↑ See Nicol, Last Centuries , p. 335.
  6. ↑ See PLP 9, p. 79.
personal data
SURNAME Andronikos Palaiologos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος (Middle Greek); Akakios (religious name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine despot and last governor of Thessaloniki
DATE OF BIRTH 1400
PLACE OF BIRTH Monemvasia
DATE OF DEATH March 4, 1429
Place of death uncertain: Constantinople