Anita Garibaldi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anita Garibaldi (photo around 1848)

Anita Garibaldi , born Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro da Silva (born August 30, 1821 in Laguna , Santa Catarina , † August 4, 1849 in Mandriole near Ravenna ), was a Brazilian revolutionary who had been naturalized in Italy . From 1842 Anita - also known as the heroine of two worlds - was married to the freedom fighter Garibaldi .

Life

Parents Bento Ribeiro da Silva and Maria Antonia de Jesus Antunes, impoverished Portuguese immigrants from the Azores , had six children - three girls and three boys. The sons died in childhood. The father died of typhus in 1834 . At the urging of her mother, Anita married the Laguna shoemaker Manuel Duarte de Aguiar on her 14th birthday. He left his wife and joined the imperial army.

Anita was carried away by the revolutionary events directed against the Emperor of Brazil in southern Brazil and there she saw Giuseppe Garibaldi for the first time, on July 22, 1839, in the Laguna church. The very next day Garibaldi is said to have said to her: Devi essere mia (you must be mine). Anita was still married at the time.

In November 1839, Anita took part in the fighting at Imbituba and Laguna on the side of her lover. In January 1840, the fighter was captured during the Battle of Curitibanos, but was able to free herself through a ruse and found Giuseppe again. Their first child Domenico († 1903) was born on September 16, 1840. Garibaldi named the boy "Menotti" - in honor of the freedom fighter of the same name . From 1841 the couple stayed in Uruguay. After her husband died, Anita Giuseppe was able to marry on March 26, 1842 in Montevideo and she gave birth to three more children: Rosita (1843-1845), Teresita (1845-1903) and Ricciotti (1847-1924). After Pius IX. At the beginning of his pontificate in 1846, Anita had given Italian revolutionaries an amnesty, went to Italy with Giuseppe and the children.

In the First Italian War of Independence Garibaldi fought in Rome for the unity of Italy . During the last days of the three-month battle against the attacker General Oudinot , pregnant Anita took part in the fighting near Garibaldi. When the French armed forces with their expeditionary Rome revenue, Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi fled towards Tuscany and continue there towards Venice to Austria to escape troops.

Anita Garibaldi died of malaria in early August 1849 while fleeing near Ravenna .

Adaptations

Musical theater

  • September 2, 1950, Teatro Carlos Gomes , Blumenau (Brazil) : Anita Garibaldi - opera in three acts by Heinz Geyer, libretto: José Ferreira da Silva. Norma Cresto sang Anita, Lubo Maciuk as Giuseppe Garibaldi, and the composer conducted for Blumenau's 100th birthday.

Film adaptations

Appreciations

In the center of Ravenna, the Piazza Anita Garibaldi is named after her.

literature

Web links

Commons : Anita Garibaldi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Garibaldi was sentenced to death for his participation in an uprising in Piedmont in 1834. In 1836, however, he managed to escape to South America . There he took part in the uprising of the Gauchos in southern Brazil .
  2. ↑ Port. Curitibanos
  3. ^ Italian Menotti Garibaldi
  4. ^ Spanish. The Garibaldis in Uruguay
  5. ^ Italian Ricciotti Garibaldi
  6. ^ Port. Anita Garibaldi
  7. ^ Port. Heinz Geyer
  8. ^ Italian Camicie rosse
  9. ^ Italian Anita Garibaldi
  10. ↑ engl. Anita e Garibaldi
  11. ↑ engl. Ana Paula Arósio
  12. ↑ engl. Gabriel Braga Nunes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Huch, p. 253, 1. Zvu and p. 257 below
  2. ↑ Huch, S, 254, 12. Zvu
  3. ↑ Huch, p. 318, 16. Zvu
  4. ↑ Huch, p. 328
  5. ↑ Huch, p. 328, 3rd Zvu and p. 331, 2nd Zvo
  6. ↑ Anita Garibaldi in the Internet Movie Database (English)Template: IMDb / Maintenance / Unnecessary use of parameter 2
personal data
SURNAME Garibaldi, Anita
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Silva, Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro da (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian-Brazilian revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH August 30, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Laguna , Santa Catarina
DATE OF DEATH 4th August 1849
Place of death Mandriole at Ravenna