António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches
António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (born March 7, 1699 in Penamacor , Portugal , † October 14, 1783 in Paris ) was a Portuguese-French doctor, translator and encyclopedia . But he was also active as a philosopher, educator and historian.
Life
Ribeiro Sanches was the son of Simão Nunes Flamengo, from Penamacor, and his wife Ana Nunes Ribeiro (* 1680), from Idanha-a-Nova , a daughter of a wealthy merchant and converso from Beira Baixa . Ribeiro Sanches has six other siblings Guiomar Diogo (* 1710), Isabel, Elisabeth, Maria Manuel (* 1713), Joseph (* 1718) and Theodosia (* 1720) Nunes Ribeiro Sanches.
At the age of thirteen he attended a Latin school . Under the influence of his uncle, he first studied law at the University of Coimbra in 1716 . Dissatisfied with his studies in Coimbra , he moved to the University of Salamanca , where he enrolled on November 28, 1720 for the study of medicine and was awarded his doctorate in 1724.
After studying in Coimbra and Salamanca, he left the country because as a Marrane (descended from baptized Jews) he was subjected to repression. He lived in several other cities, including Genoa, Montpellier , Bordeaux and then London. He then went to Leyden , where he continued his medical training under Hermann Boerhaave at the University of Leiden , made possible by the support of a family in which he was a tutor. With a recommendation from Boerhaave, he went to Russia in 1731, where he practiced as a doctor for the Senate and the city of Moscow. He accompanied the troops in the war against Turkey Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739) (4th Russian Turkish War) after Russia's accession to the Peace of Belgrade , he became a doctor of the Imperial Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg. In 1739 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg , and in the same year he received the same award from the Académie des Sciences in Paris. His fame led to the appointment as personal physician to Tsarina Anna Ivanovna . According to her memoir, he saved the life of what would become Catherine II in 1744 and he was accepted into the Russian Academy of Sciences . After staying in Russia for more than 15 years, he left the country in 1747 after two doctor colleagues had denounced him to Tsarina Elisabeth as a Jew . In 1748 he was expelled from the academy.
He settled in Paris, where he had extensive correspondence and many contacts with intellectual circles. Under Tsarina Catherine II , who came to power in 1762, he was again under grace, received a pension and was re-admitted to the academy. He also served as an advisor on social, educational and medical issues to both the Russian and Portuguese governments under Marquis Pombal , especially to whose government he published several Portuguese books in Paris. In his estate there were also several works addressed to the Russian government on questions of social reform and reform of education and medicine, especially to the advisor to Tsarina Iwan Iwanowitsch Bezkoi (1704–1795). Some of his suggestions have been implemented in both Portugal and Russia. But he stayed in Paris until his death.
In medicine, Ribeiro Sanches also dealt with venereology and especially syphilis , and is therefore also known as a doctor of the evils of love , he wrote at the request of d'Alembert and Denis Diderot for the Encyclopédie , so the article vérole about the Smallpox .
In 1742 he introduced the oral therapy of syphilis with mercury dichloride , which became the standard therapy until the introduction of Salvarsan .
Works
- Discurso Sobre as Águas de Penha Garcia. (1726)
- A Dissertation on the Venereal Disease. (1751)
- Dissertation on l'origine de la maladie vénérienne, pour prouver que le mal n'est pas venu d'Amerique, mais qu'il a commencé en Europe, par une epidémie. Durand and Pissot, Paris 1752 (digitized version )
- Tratado da Conservação da Saúde dos Povos. (1756)
- Cartas sobre a Educação da Mocidade. (1760)
- Método para Aprender e Estudar a Medicina. (1763)
- Les bains des vapeurs russe , 1771
- Examen historique sur l´apparition de la maladie vénérienne , Paris 1774
- Dissertation on l'origine de la maladie vénérienne, pour prouver que le mal n'est pas venu d'Amerique, mais qu'il a commencé en Europe, par une epidemic. Suivi de l'examen historique sur l'apparition de la maladie vénérienne en Europe. Et sur la nature de cette Epidémie. A. Koster, Leiden 1777 (digitized version)
- Mémoire sur les Bains de Vapeur en Russie. (1779)
literature
- Flávio Borda D'Água: You Days à la Neva: Ribeiro Sanches à la cour de Russie. dans Россия и западноевропейское просвещение: сборник научных трудов / Российская нациноевропейское просвещение; [ответственный редактор: В.Р. Фирсов; составитель: Н.П. Копанева] , Санкт-Петербург: Российская национальная библиотека, 2016, p. 100-111.
- José Luis Doria: Antonio Ribeiro Sanches. A Portuguese doctor in 18th century Europe. (PDF; 320 kB) Antonio Ribeiro Sanches, Vesalius, VII, 1, 27 - 35, 2001. (English)
- Erwin Ackerknecht: Boerhaave student as a medical politician, in Erna Lesky, Adam Wandruszka (ed.) Gerard van Swieten and his time, Böhlau 1973, p. 122
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biography in Portuguese
- ↑ Family genealogy
- ^ SJ Zakon Antonio Nunez Ribeiro Sanchez (1699–1783). An eighteenth century syphilologist . In: Archives of Dermatology , Volume 37, 1938, pp. 1040-1044, abstract
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sanches, António Nunes Ribeiro |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ribeiro Sanchez, Antonio Nuñez |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Portuguese doctor, translator and encyclopedist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 7, 1699 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Penamacor |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 14, 1783 |
| Place of death | Paris |