Antimony (III) chloride

Crystal structure
	Sb 3+ : __ / Cl - : __
General
Surname	Antimony (III) chloride
other names	Antimony trichloride; Skewer butter; Antimony butter;
Ratio formula	SbCl 3
Brief description	colorless, hygroscopic, soft mass with a pungent odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	233-047-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.031
PubChem	24814
Wikidata	Q411279
properties
Molar mass	228.11 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.14 g cm −3
Melting point	73 ° C
boiling point	223 ° C
Vapor pressure	16 Pa (20 ° C)
solubility	good in water (931 g l −1 at 20 ° C); soluble in ethanol , chloroform , benzene , acetone , carbon disulfide , dioxane , carbon tetrachloride and diethyl ether ; insoluble in pyridine , quinoline and organic bases;
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 314-411
	P: 273-301 + 330 + 331-305 + 351 + 338-308 + 310
Toxicological data	525–675 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−382.2 kJ mol −1
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Antimony (III) chloride is a chemical compound consisting of the elements antimony and chlorine. It belongs to the class of substances called chlorides .

history

Antimony (III) chloride was first presented by Johann Rudolph Glauber .

Extraction and presentation

Antimony (III) chloride can be obtained by reacting antimony or antimony (III) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid .

The representation from the elements is also possible.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {2Sb + 3Cl2 -> 2SbCl3}}}

properties

Physical Properties

Antimony (III) chloride crystallizes in a distorted uranium (III) chloride structure. It is in the form of a colorless, soft mass with a pungent odor, which smokes in moist air. The vapors of antimony (III) chloride are eight times as heavy as air.

Chemical properties

Antimony (III) chloride is easily soluble in water, but hydrolyses violently when larger amounts of water are added, producing antimony (III) oxychloride and hydrogen chloride .

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {SbCl3 + H2O -> SbOCl + 2HCl}}}

use

Antimony (III) chloride is used as a reagent to detect vitamin A and other carotenoids in the Carr-Price test , producing a blue complex compound that can be measured by colorimetry . It also serves as a catalyst for polymerization and chlorination reactions in organic chemistry, in the production of flame retardants , pigments and other antimony compounds. Furthermore, the compound used to be added to absinthe to artificially cause the drink to be cloudy.

safety instructions

Antimony (III) chloride is classified as carcinogenic according to category 2 and germ cell mutagenic according to category 3B.

Antimony (III) chloride was included in 2018 by the EU in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) in the context of substance evaluation in the Community's ongoing action plan ( CoRAP ). The effects of the substance on human health and the environment are re-evaluated and, if necessary, follow-up measures are initiated. The reason for the uptake of antimony (III) chloride was concerns about the possible dangers of carcinogenic and reproductive properties. The reassessment took place from 2018 and was carried out by Germany . A final report was then published.

Trivia

In the TV series Der Doktor und das liebe Vieh (Season 3, Episode 12), several calves perish from a mysterious poisoning until it turns out that their horns had recently been etched away with antimony trichloride. The resulting antimony-containing crusts fell into the food and were eaten with it.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on antimony (III) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Toxicological assessment of antimony (III) chloride (PDF) at the trade association for raw materials and chemical industry (BG RCI), accessed on August 22, 2012.
↑ Entry on Antimony trichloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
↑ Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 588.
↑ European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Substance Evaluation Conclusion and Evaluation Report .
↑ Community rolling action plan ( CoRAP ) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Antimony trichloride , accessed on May 1, 2020.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on antimony (III) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[bg-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Toxicological assessment of antimony (III) chloride (PDF) at the trade association for raw materials and chemical industry (BG RCI), accessed on August 22, 2012.

[CLP_100.030.031-3] Entry on Antimony trichloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).

[brauer-5] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 588.

[6] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Substance Evaluation Conclusion and Evaluation Report .

[7] Community rolling action plan ( CoRAP ) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Antimony trichloride , accessed on May 1, 2020.