Anton Kirchebner (cartographer)

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Anton Kirchebner (born July 13,  1750 in Oberperfuß ; † March 3,  1831 there ) was one of the three well-known Tyrolean peasant cartographers . Like his predecessor Peter Anich, he comes from the mountain farming village of Oberperfuß, a former scattered settlement on the steep slope of the eastern Sellraintal 12 km southwest of Innsbruck. One of his main works is the first survey of the lands in front of Austria .

From 1768 he worked under his uncle Blasius Hueber on the completion of the Atlas Tyrolensis (1774) begun by Anich . Like Hueber without any actual schooling, his uncle was soon able to instruct the young autodidact in mathematics and land surveying . From 1770 he accompanied Hueber on all survey trips to correct and supplement the Tyrol map, so that he was still involved in this famous work.

The Viennese government was so satisfied with the work of the Tyrolean surveyors that they decided to let them also record the Austrian foreland. In 1771 she ordered the surveying of the manors in front of the Arlberg , whose administrative seat had been Freiburg im Breisgau since 1752 . The Innsbruck mathematics professor Ignaz Weinhart SJ was the sponsor and head of the project .

For the survey of Vorarlberg , for which Hueber was commissioned, Kirchebner drew two of the four requested cracks. In the subsequent recordings of the Lower and Upper Swabian bailiffs , he initially worked as Hueber's assistant, but completed it on his own after his illness from 1778–1780.

He himself was mainly responsible for the very complex mapping (surveying and mapping) of the front of Austria. In today's diction he created general and overview maps in this often contested border area to Bavaria / Swabia and Switzerland , initially of the county of Nellenburg , the dominion of Ober- and Nieder-Hohenberg and the margraviate of Burgau . The cards were sent to the responsible higher offices in three tears. His cousin Magnus Hueber acted as an assistant from around 1790 .

Mapping the Upper Austrian region was extremely difficult because the rulers and borders were very frayed and often controversial. Kirchebner therefore developed its own map symbols to show whether a place was Austrian , imperial knighthood, Austrian knighthood, imperial direct or otherwise.

Nevertheless, around 1790 Kirchebner was commissioned to measure the Breisgau as well, but this was stopped by the Viennese government after the outbreak of war in 1794 . The areas are now part of Germany and the three Operate no longer went to press.

According to the German biography , the third Tyrolean peasant cartographer was not behind Anich and Hueber in topographical and cartographical terms, and in terms of the extent of the surveyed area he even exceeded them. Not only was there no printing for his three maps of the Upper Austrian regions, they were even forgotten because of the loss of land for Austria. Parts of the originals are exhibited today in the Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck . From 1800 he enjoyed an annual salary of 100 guilders.

Returning to his agriculture, he was later a successful Landsturm leader in the Tyrolean struggles for freedom against the occupation by Napoleon and Bavaria .

literature

personal data
SURNAME Kirchebner, Anton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tyrolean farmer cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH July 13, 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Upper Perfoot
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1831
Place of death Upper Perfoot